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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">probener</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЭНЕРГЕТИКИ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Power engineering: research, equipment, technology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-9903</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5456</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kazan State Power Engineering  University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30724/1998-9903-2021-23-2-36-45</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">probener-1778</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭНЕРГЕТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POWER ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Социально-экономические проблемы развития водородной энергетики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Socio-economic problems of hydrogen energy development</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3275-2699</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плетнев</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pletnev</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Плетнев Михаил Андреевич, д-р хим. наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой «Химия и химическая технология»</p><p>Ижевск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail A. Pletnev</p><p>Izhevsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pletnevm@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Копысов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kopysov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Копысов Андрей Николаевич, канд. техн. наук, доцент, проректор по научной и инновационной деятельности</p><p>Ижевск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei N. Kopysov</p><p>Izhevsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ижевский государственный технический университет имени М. Т. Калашникова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Плетнев М.А., Копысов А.Н., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Плетнев М.А., Копысов А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pletnev M.A., Kopysov A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.energyret.ru/jour/article/view/1778">https://www.energyret.ru/jour/article/view/1778</self-uri><abstract><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Рассмотреть особенности социально-экономического развития России в условиях четвертого энергетического перехода, который основан на использовании возобновляемых источников энергии и водорода в качестве энергоносителя. Выполнить сравнительный анализ подходов к разработке и реализации программ водородной энергетики в развитых странах и в России. МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ. Для решения поставленной задачи применялся метод анализа нормативной базы, монографической, научной и аналитической литературы, программных документов различного уровня, реальных шагов органов власти при реализации четвертого энергетического перехода. ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ. Показано, что действующая экономическая модель энергопотребления основана на возрастании энтропии, что приводит к необратимым изменениям мировой экосистемы. Четвертый энергетический переход отличается тем, что предусматривают снижение энтропии за счет аккумулирования рассеянной энергии и локализации продуктов ее производства. При этом переход к использованию к возобновляемых источников энергии несет экономические риски, связанные с потерей сложившихся рынков традиционных энергоносителей, снижение производства продукции услуг для нефтегазового сектора экономики, введением «углеродного налога» на экспортную продукцию российский компаний, а также репутационные издержки. Показано, что Россия имеет ряд важных преимуществ в развитии водородной энергетики, которые могут привести к выходу на международные рынки технологий и энергоносителей. Обоснована важность работы с населением по разъяснению преимуществ зеленой энергетики, важность согласованных действий Правительства Российской Федерации и бизнеса с целью снижения издержек при переходе к новой энергетике. ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Сформулированы предложения, которые целесообразно учесть в рамках реализации Плана мероприятий («дорожной карты») по развитию водородной энергетики в Российской Федерации до 2024 года:</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>THE PURPOSE. To consider the features of the socio-economic development of Russia in the context of the fourth energy transition, which is based on the use of renewable energy sources and hydrogen as an energy carrier. To carry out a comparative analysis of approaches to the development and implementation of hydrogen energy programs in developed countries and in Russia. METHODOLOGY. To solve this problem, the method of analyzing the regulatory framework, monographic, scientific and analytical literature, program documents of various levels, real steps of the authorities in the implementation of the fourth energy transition was used. DISCUSSIONS. The current economic model of energy production and consumption is based on an increase in entropy, which leads to irreversible changes in the global ecosystem. The fourth energy transition involves the delocalization of energy production and the use of dissipated energy, which leads to a decrease in entropy. The transition to the use of renewable energy sources carries economic risks associated with the loss of established markets for traditional energy sources, a reduction in the production of products and services for the oil and gas sector of the economy, as well as the introduction of a "carbon tax" on the export products of Russian companies. Russia has achieved certain results in the development of hydrogen energy technologies, which can lead to access to international markets for hydrogen and technologies for its production. It is necessary to work with the public to explain the benefits of green energy. It is important to coordinate the actions of the Government of the Russian Federation and business to reduce costs during the transition to new energy. CONCLUSION. The authors have proposed measures that must be taken into account when implementing the Action Plan ("road map") for the development of hydrogen energy in the Russian Federation until 2024. 1. To supplement the roadmap with a system of measures to inform the population of the need to introduce green energy, including programs of additional, general secondary and higher education. 2. To change the structure of the Federal State Educational Standard of general secondary education in terms of including chemistry and biology in the list of compulsory subjects in order to provide personnel with hydrogen energy. 3. Determine the priority of projects on renewable energy sources and hydrogen energy in the formation of tender documentation by the development institutes of the Russian Federation. 4. Ensure real decarbonization of the country's energy sector to maintain the export positions of raw materials, food and industrial goods of Russian manufacturers.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>четвертый энергетический переход</kwd><kwd>водородная энергетика</kwd><kwd>энтропия</kwd><kwd>экономические риски</kwd><kwd>дорожная карта по развитию водородной энергетики</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fourth energy transition</kwd><kwd>hydrogen energy</kwd><kwd>entropy</kwd><kwd>economic risks</kwd><kwd>a roadmap for the development of hydrogen energy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akimova V.V., Tikhotskaya I.S. A way to a sustainable future: the solar industry in Japan// Geography, environment, sustainability. 2015. V.8. N3. pp. 92-100.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akimova VV, Tikhotskaya IS. 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