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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">probener</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЭНЕРГЕТИКИ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Power engineering: research, equipment, technology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-9903</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5456</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kazan State Power Engineering  University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-1-16-28</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">probener-2150</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭНЕРГЕТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POWER ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Вторичное использование малосернистых нефтяных остатков в качестве основы для котельного и судового топлива</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Reuse of low sulfur oil residues as a base for boiler and marine fuel</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2285-6312</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зверева</surname><given-names>Э. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zvereva</surname><given-names>E. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зверева Эльвира Рафиковна – доктор технических наук, профессор кафедры «Технологии в энергетике и нефтегазопереработке»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elvira R. Zvereva</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">6elvira6@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарова</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarova</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макарова Анастасия Олеговна – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории биофизической химии и наносистем</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya O. Makarova</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бахтиярова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakhtiyarova</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бахтиярова Юлия Валерьевна – кандидат химических наук, зав. каф. «Высокомолекулярные и элементоорганические соединения»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia V. Bakhtiyarova</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Королев</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korolev</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Королев Владислав Игоревич – аспирант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladislav I. Korolev</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильин</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyin</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ильин Николай Павлович – аспирант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay Р. Ilyin</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Туранов</surname><given-names>A. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Turanov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Туранов Александр Николаевич – кандидат физико-математических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории биофизической химии и наносистем</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander N. Turanov</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8733-0595</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зуева</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zueva</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зуева Ольга Стефановна – кандидат физико-математических наук, профессор кафедры «Физика»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga S. Zueva</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ostefzueva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский государственный энергетический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Power Engineering University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский институт биохимии и биофизики ФИЦ КазНЦ, РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Science</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет, Химический институт им. А.М. Бутлерова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зверева Э.Р., Макарова А.О., Бахтиярова Ю.В., Королев В.И., Ильин Н.П., Туранов A.Н., Зуева О.С., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зверева Э.Р., Макарова А.О., Бахтиярова Ю.В., Королев В.И., Ильин Н.П., Туранов A.Н., Зуева О.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zvereva E.R., Makarova A.O., Bakhtiyarova Y.V., Korolev V.I., Ilyin N.P., Turanov A.N., Zueva O.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.energyret.ru/jour/article/view/2150">https://www.energyret.ru/jour/article/view/2150</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Комплексом различных физико-химических методов изучены возможности повторного использования нефтяных остатков (нефтешламов) малосернистой высокопарафинистой нефти месторождений полуострова Мангышлак (Казахстан) в качестве перспективного сырья для котельного и судового топлива с улучшенными эксплуатационными и экологическими характеристиками.</p></sec><sec><title>МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МЕТОДЫ. Определение условной вязкости нефтешлама (в градусах Энглера, °Е) проводилось с помощью вискозиметра Энглера ВУ-М-ПХП по ГОСТ 6258-85 «Нефтепродукты. Метод определения условной вязкости». Исследования низшей рабочей теплоты сгорания нефтешлама проводилось с использованием адиабатического бомбового калориметра АБК-1В (Россия) согласно ГОСТ 21261-91 «Нефтепродукты». Метод определения высшей теплоты сгорания и вычисление низшей теплоты сгорания». Определение массовой доли серы в изучаемом нефтешламе также проводилось с использованием адиабатического бомбового калориметра АБК-1В (Россия) согласно ГОСТ 3877-88 «Нефтепродукты. Метод определения серы сжиганием в калориметрической бомбе». Для анализа полученных результатов были привлечены данные, полученные с помощью метода ядерного магнитного резонанса. Протонные ЯМР спектры записаны на ЯМР спектрометре Bruker AVANCE III, работающем на частоте 600.13 МГц для 1H и оснащенном инверсным датчиком высокого разрешения для трех ядер (TXI, 5 мм). Обработка и анализ данных выполнялись с помощью программы Bruker Topspin 3.6.1.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Показано, что по теплоте сгорания и вязкостным свойствам при температуре свыше 50 оС указанный нефтешлам аналогичен котельному мазуту М100. Установлено, что использование карбонатного шлама химической водоочистки в концентрации 0.1 мас. % позволяет дополнительно уменьшить вязкость на 5-6 % и снизить содержание серы в продуктах сгорания, не уменьшая при этом низшую рабочую теплоту сгорания нефтепродукта. Выявлен сложный характер взаимосвязи ширины линий ЯМР с вязкостными свойствами, что может свидетельствовать о существовании ассоциатов высокомолекулярных парафинов даже в слабовязких жидких нефтепродуктах. Обсуждена природа и характерные размеры образующихся ассоциатов. Показано, что добавление среднедистиллятных дизельных фракций позволит получить более качественный вариант топлива для судовых двигателей, газотурбинных и котельных установок с уменьшенным количеством смолисто-асфальтеновых веществ, пониженными значениями вязкости и температурами застывания, высокой теплотой сгорания и низким содержанием серы.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Проведенный комплекс физико-химических исследований показал возможность использования малосернистого мангышлакского нефтешлама в качестве основы для получения топлива для судовых двигателей, газотурбинных и котельных установок, паровых котлов и промышленных печей.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>THE PURPOSE</title><p>THE PURPOSE. A complex of various physico-chemical methods has been studied to explore the possibilities of reuse of oil residues (oil sludge) of low-sulfur high-paraffin oil deposits of the Mangyshlak peninsula (Kazakhstan) as a promising raw material for boiler and marine fuel with improved operational and environmental characteristics.</p></sec><sec><title>METHODS</title><p>METHODS. Determination of the conditional viscosity of oil sludge (in degrees Engler, ° E) was carried out using an Engler viscometer VU-M-PCP according to GOST 6258-85 «Petroleum products. The method of determining the conditional viscosity». Studies of the lowest working heat of combustion of oil sludge were carried out using an adiabatic bomb calorimeter ABK-1B (Russia) according to GOST 21261-91 "Petroleum products. Method for determining the highest heat of combustion and calculation of the lowest heat of combustion". Determination of the mass fraction of sulfur in the studied oil sludge was also carried out using an adiabatic bomb calorimeter ABK-1B (Russia) according to GOST 3877-88 «Petroleum products. Method of determination of sulfur by burning in a calorimetric bomb». To analyze the results obtained, data obtained using the nuclear magnetic resonance method were used. Proton NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker AVANCE III NMR spectrometer operating at a frequency of 600.13 MHz for 1H and equipped with a highresolution inverse sensor for three cores (TXI, 5 mm). Data processing and analysis were performed using Bruker Topspin 3.6.1.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. It is shown that in terms of heat of combustion and viscosity properties at temperatures above 50 oC, this oil sludge is similar to boiler fuel oil M100. It was found that the use of carbonate sludge of chemical water treatment at a concentration of 0.1 wt. % allows you to further reduce the viscosity by 5-6% and reduce the sulfur content in the combustion products, without reducing the lower working heat of combustion of the oil product. The complex nature of the relationship between the width of NMR lines and viscous properties has been revealed, which may indicate the existence of associates of highmolecular paraffins even in slightly viscous liquid petroleum products. The nature and characteristic sizes of the resulting associates are discussed. It is shown that the addition of medium-distillate diesel fractions will make it possible to obtain a better fuel option for marine engines, gas turbine and boiler installations with a reduced amount of resinous-asphaltene substances, reduced viscosity values and solidification temperatures, high heat of combustion and low sulfur content.</p></sec><sec><title>СONCLUSION</title><p>СONCLUSION. The conducted complex of physico-chemical studies has shown the possibility of using low-sulfur Mangyshlak oil sludge as a basis for obtaining fuel for marine engines, gas turbine and boiler plants, steam boilers and industrial furnaces.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мазут</kwd><kwd>нефтешлам</kwd><kwd>условная и динамическая вязкость</kwd><kwd>теплота сгорания</kwd><kwd>содержание серы</kwd><kwd>метод ядерного магнитного резонанса</kwd><kwd>структура</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fuel oil</kwd><kwd>oil sludge</kwd><kwd>conditional and dynamic viscosity</kwd><kwd>calorific value</kwd><kwd>sulfur content</kwd><kwd>nuclear magnetic resonance method</kwd><kwd>structure</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена за счет средств Программ стратегического академического лидерства Казанского государственного энергетического университета (Зверева Э.Р., Королев В.И., Ильин Н.П., Зуева О.С.) и Казанского (Приволжского) федерального университета (Зверева Э.Р., Бахтиярова Ю.В.). Работа Макаровой А.О. и Туранова А.Н. выполнена при финансовой поддержке государственного задания ФИЦ КазНЦ РАН. Авторы благодарят ЦКП-САЦ ФИЦ КазНЦ РАН за возможность выполнения ЯМР экспериментов</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This paper has been supported by the Kazan State Power Engineering University Strategic Academic Leadership Program «Priority 2030» (E.R. Zvereva, V.I. Korolev, N.P. Ilyin, O.S. Zueva), by the Kazan Federal University Strategic Academic Leadership Program (E.R. Zvereva, Yu.V. Bakhtiyarova), and by the government assignment for Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences (A.O. Makarova, A.N. Turanov). 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