<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">probener</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЭНЕРГЕТИКИ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Power engineering: research, equipment, technology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-9903</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5456</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kazan State Power Engineering  University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-1-114-125</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">probener-2158</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭНЕРГЕТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POWER ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Спектральный анализ газодинамических характеристик пульсирующих потоков газа в выпускной системе поршневого двигателя</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Spectral analysis of gas-dynamic characteristics of pulsing gas flows in the exhaust system of a piston engine</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4481-3607</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плотников</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plotnikov</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Плотников Леонид Валерьевич – кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры «Турбины и двигатели».</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leonid V. Plotnikov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">plotnikovlv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бродов</surname><given-names>Ю. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Brodov</surname><given-names>Yu. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бродов Юрий Миронович – доктор технических наук, заведующий кафедрой турбин и двигателей.</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yurii M. Brodov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">turbine66@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жилкин</surname><given-names>Б. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhilkin</surname><given-names>B. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жилкин Борис Прокопьевич – доктор физико-математических наук, профессор кафедры «Теплоэнергетика и теплотехника».</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris P. Zhilkin</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tot@ustu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипов</surname><given-names>Л. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osipov</surname><given-names>L. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Осипов Леонид Евгеньевич – аспирант.</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leonid E. Osipov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">klumbaa@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Десятов</surname><given-names>К. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Desyatov</surname><given-names>K. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Десятов Константин Олегович – магистрант.</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin O. Desyatov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iwan.logo2018@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>114</fpage><lpage>125</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Плотников Л.В., Бродов Ю.М., Жилкин Б.П., Осипов Л.Е., Десятов К.О., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Плотников Л.В., Бродов Ю.М., Жилкин Б.П., Осипов Л.Е., Десятов К.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Plotnikov L.V., Brodov Y.M., Zhilkin B.P., Osipov L.E., Desyatov K.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.energyret.ru/jour/article/view/2158">https://www.energyret.ru/jour/article/view/2158</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. На основе спектрального анализа оценить влияние установки турбины турбокомпрессора на аэромеханику пульсирующих потоков газа в выпускной системе двигателя и предложить способ управления аэродинамическими и теплообменными характеристиками нестационарных потоков газа за счет создания эффекта эжекции в выпускной системе.</p></sec><sec><title>МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МЕТОДЫ. Лабораторный эксперимент на натурной модели поршневого двигателя был выбран для достижения поставленной цели. Спектральный анализ гармонических зависимостей использовался для оценки изменения структуры газовых потоков в выпускной системе. Математическое моделирование рабочего цикла дизельных двигателей применялся для оценки потенциальных положительных эффектов от применения системы эжекции в выпускном тракте дизеля. Системы трехмерного твердотельного моделирования применялись для эскизных (инженерных) проработок новых (модернизированных) конструкций систем выпуска.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. В статье описаны лабораторное оборудование, измерительная система и методы обработки данных. Приводится описание граничных условий в ходе проведения экспериментальных исследований. Производится сравнение аэромеханических и теплообменных характеристик нестационарных потоков в выпускной системе двигателя с турбокомпрессором и без него. Показаны качественные и количественные отличия в аэромеханике и теплофизике процессов. Предложен способ аэромеханического совершенствования выпускной системы за счет создания эжекции.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Выявлено, что турбина турбокомпрессора оказывает значимое влияние на аэромеханические характеристики потоков в выпускной системе. Наблюдается значимое снижение максимальной скорости потока в выпускном тракте (до 3 раз) при установке турбокомпрессора. Происходит снижение расходных характеристик через выпускную систему с турбонаддувом (в пределах 30 %). Установлено, что эффект эжекции в выпускной системе двигателя приводит к стабилизации течения, росту расхода газа на 6-12 %, снижению удельного расхода топлива в среднем на 1 % и улучшению показателей надежности на 1,11-1,74 %.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>THE PURPOSE</title><p>THE PURPOSE. To On the basis of spectral analysis, to evaluate the effect of installing a turbocharger turbine on the aeromechanics of pulsating gas flows in the engine exhaust system and to propose a method for controlling the aerodynamic and heat transfer characteristics of unsteady gas flows by creating an ejection effect in the exhaust system.</p></sec><sec><title>METHODS</title><p>METHODS. A laboratory experiment on a full-scale piston engine model was chosen to achieve this goal. Spectral analysis of harmonic dependences was used to assess changes in the structure of gas flows in the exhaust system. Mathematical modeling of the operating cycle of diesel engines was used to assess the potential positive effects of the use of an ejection system in the exhaust tract of a diesel engine. Three-dimensional solid modeling systems were used for sketch (engineering) studies of new (modernized) exhaust system designs.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. The article describes laboratory equipment, measuring system and data processing methods. A description of the boundary conditions in the course of experimental research is given. Comparison of aeromechanical and heat exchange characteristics of unsteady flows in the exhaust system of an engine with and without a turbocharger is carried out in the article. The qualitative and quantitative differences in aeromechanics and thermal physics of processes are shown. The proposed method of aeromechanical improvement of the exhaust system by creating an ejection.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION. It was revealed that the turbine of a turbocharger has a significant effect on the aeromechanical characteristics of flows in the exhaust system. A significant decrease in the maximum flow rate in the exhaust tract (up to 3 times) is observed when installing a turbocharger. There is a decrease in flow characteristics through the turbocharged exhaust system (within 30%). It was found that the ejection effect in the engine exhaust system leads to stabilization of the flow, an increase in gas consumption by 6-12%, a decrease in specific fuel consumption by an average of 1% and an improvement in reliability indicators by 1.11-1.74%.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>двигатель</kwd><kwd>турбокомпрессор</kwd><kwd>аэромеханика потоков газа</kwd><kwd>система выпуска</kwd><kwd>спектры</kwd><kwd>аэромеханическое совершенствование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>engine</kwd><kwd>turbocharger</kwd><kwd>aeromechanics of gas flows</kwd><kwd>exhaust system</kwd><kwd>spectra</kwd><kwd>aeromechanical improvement</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа, по результатам которой написана статья, выполнена при поддержке РНФ в рамках научного проекта 18-79-10003</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the work has been supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 18-79-10003)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Breeze P. Piston Engine-Based Power Plants. UK: Academic Press, 2017. 102 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Breeze P Piston Engine-Based Power Plants. UK: Academic Press, 2017. 102 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Flint M., Pirault J.P. Opposed Piston Engines: Evolution, Use, and Future Applications. USA: SAE International, 2009. 576 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Flint M, Pirault JP Opposed Piston Engines: Evolution, Use, and Future Applications. USA: SAE International, 2009. 576 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baechtel J. Performance Automotive Engine Math. USA: S-A Design, 2011. 160 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baechtel J. Performance Automotive Engine Math. USA: S-A Design, 2011. 160 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu Z.G., Swor T.A., Debilzen J.A., Severance C.L., Schauer J.J.A source dilution sampling system for characterization of engine emissions under transient or steady-state operation // Aerosol Science and Technology. 2008. V. 42. No 4. P. 270-280.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu ZG, Swor TA, Debilzen JA, et al. A source dilution sampling system for characterization of engine emissions under transient or steady-state operation. Aerosol Science and Technology. 2008;42(4):270-280.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Plotnikov L.V., Zhilkin B.P., Brodov Y.M. The Influence of Piston Internal Combustion Engines Intake and Exhaust Systems Configuration on Local Heat Transfer // Procedia Engineering, 2017. V. 206. P. 80-85.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Plotnikov LV, Zhilkin BP, Brodov YM The Influence of Piston Internal Combustion Engines Intake and Exhaust Systems Configuration on Local Heat Transfer. Procedia Engineering. 2017;206:80-85.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fernoaga V., Sandu V., Balan T. Artificial intelligence for the prediction of exhaust back pressure effect on the performance of diesel engines // Applied Sciences (Switzerland). 2020. V. 10. No 20. Article number 7370.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fernoaga V, Sandu V, Balan T Artificial intelligence for the prediction of exhaust back pressure effect on the performance of diesel engines. Applied Sciences (Switzerland). 2020;10(20):7370.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khoa N.X., Quach Nhu Y., Lim O. Estimation of parameters affected in internal exhaust residual gases recirculation and the influence of exhaust residual gas on performance and emission of a spark ignition engine // Applied Energy. 2020. V. 278. Article number 115699.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khoa NX, Quach NY, Lim O Estimation of parameters affected in internal exhaust residual gases recirculation and the influence of exhaust residual gas on performance and emission of a spark ignition engine. Applied Energy. 2020;278:115699.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aiello V.C., Kini G., Staedter M.A., Garimella S. Investigation of fouling mechanisms for diesel engine exhaust heat recovery // Applied Thermal Engineering. 2020. V. 181. Article number 115973.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aiello VC, Kini G, Staedter MA, et al. Investigation of fouling mechanisms for diesel engine exhaust heat recovery. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2020;181:115973.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang T., Hu G., Meng Z., Zeng D. Exhaust temperature control for safe and efficient thermal regeneration of diesel particulate filter // Applied Thermal Engineering. 2021. V. 189. Article number 116747.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang T, Hu G, Meng Z, et al. Exhaust temperature control for safe and efficient thermal regeneration of diesel particulate filter. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2021;189:116747.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Antanenkova I.S., Koroleva A.P., Frantsuzov M.S., Sukhikh A.A., Sytchev V.V. Designing the Main Heat-Transfer Equipment of an ORC-System for the Internal Combustion Engines of Shipboard Installations // Thermal Engineering. 2021. V. 68. No 1. P. 25-36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antanenkova IS, Koroleva AP, Frantsuzov MS, et al. Designing the Main HeatTransfer Equipment of an ORC-System for the Internal Combustion Engines of Shipboard Installations. Thermal Engineering. 2021:68(1):25-36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jiang W., Shen T. Nonlinear observer-based exhaust manifold pressure estimation and fault detection for gasoline engines with exhaust gas recirculation // International Journal of Engine Research. 2021. V. 22. No 4. P. 1377-1392.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jiang W, Shen T Nonlinear observer-based exhaust manifold pressure estimation and fault detection for gasoline engines with exhaust gas recirculation. International Journal of Engine Research. 2021;22(4):1377-1392.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nyerges Á., Zöldy M. Verification and comparison of nine exhaust gas recirculation mass flow rate estimation methods // Sensors (Switzerland). 2020. V. 20. No 24. Article number 7291.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nyerges Á, Zöldy M Verification and comparison of nine exhaust gas recirculation mass flow rate estimation methods. Sensors (Switzerland). 2020;20(24):7291.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boulanger J., Liu F., Neill W.S., Smallwood G.J. An improved soot formation model for 3d diesel engine simulations // Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power. 2007. V. 129. No 3. P. 877-894.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boulanger J, Liu F, Neill WS, et al. An improved soot formation model for 3d diesel engine simulations. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power. 2007;129(3):877-894.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Q., Li Y., Hu H. Numerical simulation of remote infrared imaging for marine exhaust system using wide-band k-distribution model combined with a new grouping method for spectral sub-intervals // Infrared Physics &amp; Technology. 2019. V. 96. P. 276-290.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Q, Li Y, Hu H Numerical simulation of remote infrared imaging for marine exhaust system using wide-band k-distribution model combined with a new grouping method for spectral sub-intervals. Infrared Physics &amp; Technology. 2019;96:276-290.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ali S.M., Chakraborty A. Thermodynamic modelling and performance study of an engine waste heat driven adsorption cooling for automotive air-conditioning // Applied Thermal Engineering. 2015. V. 90. P. 54-63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ali SM, Chakraborty A Thermodynamic modelling and performance study of an engine waste heat driven adsorption cooling for automotive air-conditioning. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2015;90:54-63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim K.-H., Kong K.-J. One-dimensional gas flow analysis of the intake and exhaust system of a single cylinder diesel engine // Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2020. V. 8. No 12. Article number 1036.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim K-H, Kong K-J One-dimensional gas flow analysis of the intake and exhaust system of a single cylinder diesel engine. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2020;8(12):1036.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kong K.-J., Jung S.-H., Jeong T.-Y., Koh D.-K. 1D-3D coupling algorithm for unsteady gas flow analysis in pipe systems // Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology. 2019. V. 33. No 9. P. 4521-4528.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kong K-J, Jung S-H, Jeong T-Y, et al. 1D-3D coupling algorithm for unsteady gas flow analysis in pipe systems. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology. 2019;33(9):4521-4528.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nasir E.F., Sanders S.T. Laser absorption tomography for ammonia measurement in diesel engine exhaust // Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics. 2020. V. 126. No 11. Article number 178.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nasir EF, Sanders ST Laser absorption tomography for ammonia measurement in diesel engine exhaust. Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics. 2020;126(11):178.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim H.-S. Effect of exhaust manifold geometry and engine parameters on flow pulsations inside the exhaust system with CCC under firing conditions // Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology. 2021. V. 35. No 2. P. 805-813.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim H-S Effect of exhaust manifold geometry and engine parameters on flow pulsations inside the exhaust system with CCC under firing conditions. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology. 2021;35(2):805-813.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miller J. Turbo: Real World High-Performance Turbocharger Systems. USA: S-A Design, 2008, 162 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miller J Turbo: Real World High-Performance Turbocharger Systems. USA: S-A Design, 2008, 162 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leufvén O., Eriksson L. Measurement, analysis and modeling of centrifugal compressor flow for low pressure ratios // International Journal of Engine Research. 2016. V. 17. No 2. P. 153-168.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leufvén O, Eriksson L Measurement, analysis and modeling of centrifugal compressor flow for low pressure ratios. International Journal of Engine Research. 2016;17(2):153-168.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Plotnikov L.V. Features of the gas dynamics and local heat transfer in intake system of piston engine with supercharging // IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics. 2017. V. 899. Article number 042008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Plotnikov LV Features of the gas dynamics and local heat transfer in intake system of piston engine with supercharging. IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics. 2017;899:042008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pu R. Hyperspectral remote sensing: fundamentals and practices. USA: CRC Press, 2017. 466 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pu R Hyperspectral remote sensing: fundamentals and practices. USA: CRC Press, 2017. 466 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Budko A.Y., Nazarkin A.S., Medvedev M.Y. A study of shock wave processes in the combustion chamber and the estimation method of the knock intensity based on ion current signal analysis // ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences. 2018. V. 13. No 11. Р. 3667-3672.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Budko AY, Nazarkin AS, Medvedev MY A study of shock wave processes in the combustion chamber and the estimation method of the knock intensity based on ion current signal analysis. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences. 2018;13(11):3667-3672.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Demic M.D., Glisovic Ja.D. Contribution to research of thermal loads in commercial vehicles powertrain mounts // Vojnotehnički glasnik. 2017. V. 65. No 4. P. 882-903.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Demic MD, Glisovic JaD Contribution to research of thermal loads in commercial vehicles powertrain mounts. Vojnotehnički glasnik. 2017;65(4):882-903.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Danilov I., Popova I., Moiseev Yu. Analysis and validation of the dynamic method for diagnosing diesel engine connecting rod bearings // Transport Problems. 2018. V. 13. No 1. P. 123-133.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Danilov I, Popova I, Moiseev Y Analysis and validation of the dynamic method for diagnosing diesel engine connecting rod bearings. Transport Problems. 2018;13(1):123-133.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Plotnikov L.V., Zhilkin B.P. Specific aspects of the thermal and mechanic characteristics of pulsating gas flows in the intake system of a piston engine with a turbocharger system // Applied Thermal Engineering. 2019. V. 160. Article number 114123.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Plotnikov LV, Zhilkin BP Specific aspects of the thermal and mechanic characteristics of pulsating gas flows in the intake system of a piston engine with a turbocharger system. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2019;160:114123.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Plotnikov L.V., Zhilkin B.P., Brodov Y.M. Improvement of the thermal and mechanical flow characteristics in the exhaust system of piston engine through the use of ejection effect // IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics. 2017. V. 891. Article number 012154.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Plotnikov LV, Zhilkin BP, Brodov YM Improvement of the thermal and mechanical flow characteristics in the exhaust system of piston engine through the use of ejection effect. IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics. 2017;891:012154.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Plotnikov L.V., Zhilkin B.P., Brodov Y.M. Improved cleaning of the engine cylinder from the exhaust gas using the active ejection in the exhaust tract // Applied mechanics and materials. 2015. V. 792. Р. 553-558.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Plotnikov LV, Zhilkin BP, Brodov YM Improved cleaning of the engine cylinder from the exhaust gas using the active ejection in the exhaust tract. Applied mechanics and materials. 2015;792:553-558.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
