probenerИзвестия высших учебных заведений. ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЭНЕРГЕТИКИPower engineering: research, equipment, technology1998-99032658-5456Kazan State Power Engineering University10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-4-16-49probener-2305Research ArticleЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИЕ СИСТЕМЫ И КОМПЛЕКСЫENERGY SYSTEMS AND COMPLEXESБиодизельное топливо. Часть I. Способы полученияBiodiesel fuel. Part I. Methods of obtainingМазановС. В.MazanovS. V.

Мазанов Сергей Валерьевич – канд. техн. наук

г. Казань

Sergey M. Valerievich

Kazan

serg989@yandex.ruГумеровФ. М.GumerovF. M.

Гумеров Фарид Мухамедович – д-р техн. наук

г. Казань

Farid M. Gumerov

Kazan

УсмановР. А.UsmanovR. A.

Усманов Рустем Айтуганович – д-р техн. наук

г. Казань

Rustem A. Usmanov

Kazan

ГабитоваА. Р.GabitovaA. R.

Габитова Асия Радифовна – канд. техн. наук

г. Казань

Asiya R. Gabitova

Kazan

ЗариповЗ. И.ZaripovZ. I.

Зарипов Зуфар Ибрагимович – д-р техн. наук

г. Казань

Zufar I. Zaripov

Kazan

ВарфоломеевС. Д.VarfolomeevS. D.

Варфоломеев Сергей Дмитриевич – д-р хим. наук

Москва

Sergey D. Varfolomeev

Moscow

ВольеваВ. Б.Vol'evaV. B.

Вольева Виолетта Борисовна – канд. хим. наук

Москва

Violetta B. Vol`eva

Moscow

ШаповаловЮ. А.ShapovalovYu. A.

Шаповалов Юрий Александрович – д-р техн. наук

г. Алматы

Yury A. Shapovalov

Almaty

Казанский национальный исследовательский технологический университетРоссияKazan National Research Technological UniversityRussian FederationИнститут биохимической физики им. Н.М. Эмануэля РАНРоссияInstitute of Biochemical Physics N.M. Emanuel RASRussian FederationКазахский национальный университет им. аль-ФарабиКазахстанKazakh National University named al-FarabiKazakhstan2022160820222441649Copyright © Мазанов С.В., Гумеров Ф.М., Усманов Р.А., Габитова А.Р., Зарипов З.И., Варфоломеев С.Д., Вольева В.Б., Шаповалов Ю.А., 20222022Мазанов С.В., Гумеров Ф.М., Усманов Р.А., Габитова А.Р., Зарипов З.И., Варфоломеев С.Д., Вольева В.Б., Шаповалов Ю.А.Mazanov S.V., Gumerov F.M., Usmanov R.A., Gabitova A.R., Zaripov Z.I., Varfolomeev S.D., Vol'eva V.B., Shapovalov Y.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.energyret.ru/jour/article/view/2305

ЦЕЛЬ. Представленная работа ставит перед собой цель анализа реалий и перспектив использования рабочих сред при получении биодизельного топлива, включающих в себя сверхкритическое флюидное состояние. МЕТОДЫ. Рассмотрены методы получения биодизельного топлива, включающие в себя метод переэтерификации, как наиболее распространенный, а также методы пиролиза и совместного процесса гидролиза и этерификации. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Рассмотрены традиционные (промышленно используемые способы получения биодизельного топлива), а также способы с участием сверхкритических флюидных сред в своей основе. Наряду с описанием состояния дел по обсуждаемой проблематике в мире приводятся и результаты собственных исследований, реализованных авторским коллективом настоящей статьи. Обращено внимание на перспективность ультразвукового эмульгирования реакционной смеси и использования гетерогенных катализаторов в целях смягчения сверхкритических флюидных условий осуществления процесса получения биодизельного топлива и энергосбережения. Обсуждены также условия получения биодизельного топлива без свободного глицерина и преобразования его в топливную составляющую. ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Переэтерификация, осуществляемая в сверхкритических флюидных условиях, предоставляет значимые преимущества в сопоставлении с традиционным процессом и, особенно, в части возможности использования разнообразного и, в том числе, низкокачественного сырья, облегчает процедуру выделения конечного продукта и, наконец, делает возможным переход от относительно маломасштабных реализаций с реакторами периодического действия к высокопроизводительным установкам с проточными реакторами.

THE PURPOSE. The presented work aims to analyze the realities and prospects for the use of working media in the production of biodiesel fuel, including the supercritical fluid state. METHODS. Methods for obtaining biodiesel fuel are considered, including the method of transesterification, as the most common, as well as methods of pyrolysis and the combined process of hydrolysis and esterification. RESULTS. Traditional (industrially used methods for producing biodiesel fuel), as well as methods involving supercritical fluid media at their core, are considered. Along with a description of the state of affairs on the issues under discussion in the world, the results of our own research carried out by the team of authors of this article are also presented. Attention is drawn to the prospects of ultrasonic emulsification of the reaction mixture and the use of heterogeneous catalysts in order to mitigate supercritical fluid conditions for the process of obtaining biodiesel fuel and save energy. The conditions for obtaining biodiesel fuel without free glycerol and converting it into a fuel component are also discussed. CONCLUSION. Transesterification carried out under supercritical fluid conditions provides significant advantages over the traditional process and, especially in terms of the possibility of using a variety of raw materials, including low-quality ones, facilitates the procedure for isolating the final product and, finally, makes it possible to switch from relatively small-scale implementations with batch reactors to high-performance plants with flow reactors.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.