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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">probener</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЭНЕРГЕТИКИ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Power engineering: research, equipment, technology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-9903</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5456</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kazan State Power Engineering  University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-6-143-152</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">probener-2446</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕХНОСФЕРНАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TECHNOSPHERE SAFETY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экологические характеристики термической утилизации отходов с внешним и внутренним подводом тепловой энергии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Environmental characteristics of thermal utilization of waste with external and internal supply of thermal energy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3658-7830</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Демин Алексей Владимирович – профессор кафедры «Инженерная экология и безопасность труда»</p><p>г. Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey V. Demin – Professor of the Department «Engineering ecology and labor safety»</p><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexei_demin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демина</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demina</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Демина Галина Владимировна – доцент кафедры «Ботаника и физиология растений»</p><p>г. Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina V. Demina – Associate Professor of the Department «Botany and Plant Physiology»</p><p>Kazan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский государственный энергетический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Power Engineering University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>143</fpage><lpage>152</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Демин А.В., Демина Г.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Демин А.В., Демина Г.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Demin A.V., Demina G.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.energyret.ru/jour/article/view/2446">https://www.energyret.ru/jour/article/view/2446</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Выявление оптимальных режимов для автотермического и аллотермического способов газификации растительной биомассы с точки зрения энергетических параметров генераторных газов, а также определение экологических показателей при последующем сжигании генераторных газов для получения тепловой энергии.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. При моделировании процессов газификации использована нестехиометрическая модель, основанная на предположении, что химически реагирующая многокомпонентная смесь находится в состоянии термодинамического и химического равновесия, которому соответствует минимальное значение изобарно-изотермического потенциала. При моделировании горения генераторного газа в смеси с воздухом использована кинетическая модель проточного реактора идеального смешения и учитывается детальный механизм химического взаимодействия для реагирующей системы C-H-O-N-S. Теплота сгорания генераторного газа, полученного при паровой газификации и внешнем подводе тепловой энергии существенно выше, чем теплота сгорания газа, полученного при внутреннем подводе тепловой энергии. Однако значения энергетического потенциала и термохимического КПД весьма близки для обоих типов газификации.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Для растительной биомассы, имеющей заданный осредненный элементный состав, определены условия газификации, способствующие повышению степени конверсии исходных материалов в генераторный газ. В частности, для автотермического способа газификации максимальные расчетные значения энергетического потенциала сухого обеззоленного генераторного газа и термохимического КПД получены при коэффициенте избытка воздуха α ≈ 0,32. Для аллотермического способа газификации максимальным расчетным значениям энергетического потенциала генераторного газа и термохимического КПД соответствует диапазон температуры газификации T ≈ 1050-1100 K и массовая доля подводимого пара gH2O ≈ 0,217. Для обеспечения этих условий потребуется подвод тепловой энергии за счет сжигания ≈ 37 масс. % генераторного газа. Генераторный газ, полученный аллотермическим способом, имеет более высокие энергетические показатели, а негативное воздействие на окружающую среду при его последующем сжигании характеризуются меньшими удельными выбросами CO и CO2 в пересчете на тонну условного топлива.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>THE PURPOSE</title><p>THE PURPOSE. Identification of optimal regimes for autothermal and allothermic methods of gasification of plant biomass in terms of energy parameters of generator gases, as well as determination of environmental indicators during subsequent combustion of generator gases to obtain thermal energy.</p></sec><sec><title>METHODS</title><p>METHODS. When modeling gasification processes, a nonstoichiometric model was used, based on the assumption that a chemically reacting multicomponent mixture is in a state of thermodynamic and chemical equilibrium, which corresponds to the minimum value of the isobaric-isothermal potential. When modeling the combustion of generator gas in a mixture with air, a kinetic model of a perfectly mixed flow reactor was used and the detailed mechanism of chemical interaction for the C-H-O-N-S reacting system was taken into account. The calorific value of generator gas obtained by steam gasification and external supply of thermal energy is significantly higher than the calorific value of gas obtained by internal supply of thermal energy. However, the values of the energy potential and thermochemical efficiency are very close for both types of gasification.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. For plant biomass with a given averaged elemental composition, gasification conditions are determined that increase the degree of conversion of initial materials into generator gas. In particular, for the autothermal gasification method, the maximum calculated values of the energy potential of dry ash-free generator gas and thermochemical efficiency were obtained at an excess air coefficient α ≈ 0.32. For the allothermic gasification method, the maximum calculated values of the energy potential of the generator gas and the thermochemical efficiency correspond to the gasification temperature range T ≈ 1050 -1100 K and the mass fraction of the supplied steam gH2O ≈ 0.217. To ensure these conditions, it will be necessary to supply thermal energy through combustion of ≈ 37 wt. % generator gas. Generator gas produced by the allothermic method has higher energy performance, and the negative impact on the environment during its subsequent combustion is characterized by lower specific CO and CO2 emissions in terms of a ton of reference fuel.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биомасса</kwd><kwd>газификация</kwd><kwd>генераторный газ</kwd><kwd>горение</kwd><kwd>моделирование</kwd><kwd>численные исследования</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>biomass</kwd><kwd>gasification</kwd><kwd>generator gas</kwd><kwd>combustion</kwd><kwd>modeling</kwd><kwd>numerical research</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Puig-Arnavat M., Bruno J. C., Coronas A. Review and analysis of biomass gasification models // Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2010. 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