probenerИзвестия высших учебных заведений. ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЭНЕРГЕТИКИPower engineering: research, equipment, technology1998-99032658-5456Kazan State Power Engineering University10.30724/1998-9903-2023-25-1-82-104probener-2556Research ArticleЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИЕ СИСТЕМЫ И КОМПЛЕКСЫENERGY SYSTEMS AND COMPLEXESОбзор современных керамических ячеистых материалов и композитов, применяемых в теплотехникеReview of modern ceramic cellular materials and composites used in heat engineeringСоловьеваО. В.SolovevaO. V.

Соловьева Ольга Викторовна – канд. физ.-мат. наук, доцент кафедры «Энергообеспечение предприятий, строительство зданий и сооружений» (ЭОС), заведующая научно-исследовательской лабораторией «Разработка энергоэффективных теплообменников»

г. Казань

Olga V. Soloveva

Kazan

solovyeva.ov@kgeu.ruСоловьевС. А.SolovevS. A.

Соловьев Сергей Анатольевич – канд. физ.-мат. наук, доцент кафедры «Инженерная кибернетика» (ИК)

г. Казань

Sergei A. Solovev

Kazan

ШакуроваР. З.ShakurovaR. Z.

Шакурова Розалина Зуфаровна – аспирант кафедры «Энергообеспечение предприятий, строительство зданий и сооружений» (ЭОС)

г. Казань

Rozalina Z. Shakurova

Kazan

Казанский государственный энергетический университетРоссияKazan State Power Engineering UniversityRussian Federation20232404202325182104Copyright © Соловьева О.В., Соловьев С.А., Шакурова Р.З., 20232023Соловьева О.В., Соловьев С.А., Шакурова Р.З.Soloveva O.V., Solovev S.A., Shakurova R.Z.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.energyret.ru/jour/article/view/2556ЦЕЛЬ

ЦЕЛЬ. Ячеистые керамические материалы и композиты нашли применение во многих отраслях промышленности: энергетике, химической отрасли, строительстве, космонавтике. Благодаря высоким термомеханическим свойствам, стойкости к воздействию высоких температур и низкой плотности, ячеистые керамические материалы широко применяются в качестве теплообменников для рекуперации тепла отходящих газов газотурбинных двигателей, парогазовых установок, промышленных печей и т.д. Целью данной работы является обзор современных ячеистых керамических материалов и композитов, применяемых в теплотехнике, и имеющих различную структуру, свойства и химический состав.

МЕТОДЫ

МЕТОДЫ. Проведен широкий обзор литературы, посященной керамическим ячеистым материалам и композитам. Исследовалась как отечественная, так и зарубежная литература.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Проведен анализ ячеистых керамических материалов с регулярной (решетки) и случайной (пены) структурой. Проанализированы основные факторы, влияющие на свойства керамических пен и решеток. Также исследованы основные методы производства керамических материалов, выявлены их достоинства и недостатки. Проведен обзор современных композитных материалов на основе керамической матрицы, армированной углеродными нанотрубками, графеновыми нанопластинками, углеродными волокнами.

ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ

ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Свойства керамических ячеистых материалов, а также сферы их применения зависят от методов производства и структуры материала. Открытоячеистые пены нашли применение в качестве фильтров, теплообменников, в то время как закрытоячеистые пены используют в качестве тепловой изоляции. Области применения керамических решеток ограничиваются точностью, разрешением и размерами 3D-печати. Таким образом, совершенствование аддитивных технологий производства позволит улучшить характеристики керамических решеток и расширить области их применения.

THE PURPOSE

THE PURPOSE. Cellular ceramic materials and composites have found application in many industries: energy, chemical industry, construction, aerospace. Due to their high thermomechanical properties, resistance to high temperatures and low density, cellular ceramic materials are widely used as heat exchangers for heat recovery from exhaust gases of gas turbine engines, combined-cycle plants, industrial furnaces, etc. The purpose of this work is to review modern cellular ceramic materials and composites used in heat engineering and having different structure, properties and chemical composition.

METHODS

METHODS. We have carried out a broad review of the literature on ceramic cellular materials and composites. We studied both domestic and foreign literature.

RESULTS

RESULTS. The analysis of cellular ceramic materials with a regular (lattices) and random (foam) structure has been carried out. The main factors influencing the properties of ceramic foams and lattices are analyzed. Also, the main methods for the production of ceramic materials were studied, their advantages and disadvantages were revealed. A review of modern composite materials based on a ceramic matrix reinforced with carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoplates, and carbon fibers has been carried out.

CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION. The properties of ceramic cellular materials, as well as their areas of application, depend on the production methods and the structure of the material. Open-cell foams are used as filters, heat exchangers, while closed-cell foams are used as thermal insulation. Applications for ceramic lattices are limited by the precision, resolution, and size of 3D printing. Thus, the improvement of additive manufacturing technologies will improve the characteristics of ceramic gratings and expand their areas of application.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.