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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">probener</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЭНЕРГЕТИКИ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Power engineering: research, equipment, technology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-9903</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5456</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kazan State Power Engineering  University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30724/1998-9903-2023-25-4-53-70</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">probener-2732</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИЕ СИСТЕМЫ И КОМПЛЕКСЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENERGY SYSTEMS AND COMPLEXES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экспериментальные исследования электрических и массообменных процессов при обратном электродиализе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental studies of electrical and mass transfer processes in reverse electrodialysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9116-0370</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чичиров</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chichirov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чичиров Андрей Александрович - д-р хим. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой «Химия и водородная энергетика» </p><p>г. Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey A. Chichirov</p><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khimiya_kgeu@mai.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6238-188X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филимонова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filimonova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Филимонова Антонина Андреевна - д-р техн. наук, доцент кафедры «Химия и водородная энергетика» </p><p>г. Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Antonina A. Filimonova</p><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aachichirova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8635-9177</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чичирова</surname><given-names>Н. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chichirova</surname><given-names>N. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чичирова Наталия Дмитриевна - д-р хим. наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой «Атомные и тепловые электрические станции»</p><p>г. Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia D. Chichirova</p><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ndchichirova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Майоров</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mayorov</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Майоров Егор Сергеевич - студент кафедры «Атомные и тепловые электрические станции»; лаборант исследователь </p><p>г. Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Egor S. Mayorov</p><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mes.tegatu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский государственный энергетический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Power Engineering University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>70</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чичиров А.А., Филимонова А.А., Чичирова Н.Д., Майоров Е.С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чичиров А.А., Филимонова А.А., Чичирова Н.Д., Майоров Е.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chichirov A.A., Filimonova A.A., Chichirova N.D., Mayorov E.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.energyret.ru/jour/article/view/2732">https://www.energyret.ru/jour/article/view/2732</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Экспериментальные исследования по оптимизации выходных электрических и массообменных характеристик при проведении процесса обратного электродиализа.</p></sec><sec><title>МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МЕТОДЫ. В работе использовались приемы системного анализа и была разработана математическая модель для описания движения водных потоков и концентраций веществ в них. Описано задействованное оборудование, сконструированное для экспериментальной и промышленной отработки предлагаемых технологий с техническими характеристиками разработанных аппаратов и установок.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Обратный электродиализ (RED - reverse electrodialysis) – новая мембранная технология для производства возобновляемой энергии с использованием градиентов солености. Конечной целью RED является достижение максимально возможного значения плотности мощности, которая зависит от нескольких параметров, связанных с собственными электрохимическими характеристиками мембран, конфигурацией стека (количество пар ячеек, длина канала), гидродинамикой, природой рабочих растворов (ионный состав, концентрация) и др. В статье представлены экспериментальные исследования влияния и моделирования различных параметров работы обратного электродиализа на выходные электрические характеристики системы.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Показано, что на выходную мощность системы существенное влияние оказывают состав растворов в приэлектродных камерах, внешняя нагрузка и внутреннее сопротивление, концентрации рабочих растворов и время проведения эксперимента. Максимальная электрическая эффективность составила 56% (плотность мощность 0,34 Вт/м2 ) при проведении полупромышленных экспериментов по обратному электродиализу с использованием модельных растворов NaCl, приэлектродных растворов K3Fe(CN)6/K4Fe(CN)6 и китайских мембран IONSEP толщиной 0,6 мм.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>OBJECT</title><p>OBJECT. Experimental studies on optimization of the output electrical and mass transfer characteristics of the reverse electrodialysis process.</p></sec><sec><title>METHODS</title><p>METHODS. System analysis techniques were used in this work and a mathematical model was developed to describe the movement of water streams and the concentrations of substances in them. The equipment involved, designed for experimental and industrial testing of the proposed technologies with technical characteristics of the developed apparatuses and installations, is described.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. RED (reverse electrodialysis) is a new membrane technology for renewable energy production using salinity gradients. The ultimate goal of RED is to achieve the highest possible value of power density, which depends on several parameters related to the intrinsic electrochemical characteristics of the membranes, stack configuration (number of cell pairs, channel length), hydrodynamics, nature of the working solutions (ionic composition, concentration), and others. The paper presents experimental studies on the influence and modeling of various parameters of the reverse electrodialysis operation on the output electrical characteristics of the system.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS. It is shown that the system output power is significantly influenced by the composition of solutions in the near-electrode chambers, external load and internal resistance, concentrations of working solutions and time of the experiment. The maximum electrical efficiency was 56% (power density 0.34 W/m2) in semi-industrial electrodialysis reverse electrodialysis experiments using model NaCl solutions, K3Fe(CN)6/K4Fe(CN)6 and Chinese 0.6 mm thick IONSEP membranes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обратный электродиализ</kwd><kwd>электрохимическая генерация энергии</kwd><kwd>RED</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>reverse electrodialysis</kwd><kwd>electrochemical energy generation</kwd><kwd>RED</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РНФ в рамках научного проекта «Проведение фундаментальных научных исследований малыми отдельными научными группами» № 22-29-01300, https://rscf.ru/en/project/22-29-01300/</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was funded by a grant Russian Science Foundation № 22-29-01300, https://rscf.ru/en/project/22-29-01300/</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Post J.W., Hamelers H.V.M., Buisman C.J.N. 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