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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">probener</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЭНЕРГЕТИКИ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Power engineering: research, equipment, technology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-9903</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5456</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kazan State Power Engineering  University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30724/1998-9903-2025-27-3-147-161</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">probener-3445</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭЛЕКТРОЭНЕРГЕТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ELECTRICITY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка неопределенности электрических нагрузок, обусловленных зарядом электромобилей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Estimation of uncertainty in electrical loads due to electric vehicle charging</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3912-1320</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шамарова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamarova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шамарова Наталия Андреевна – старший преподаватель кафедры электроснабжения и электротехники</p><p>г. Иркутск; г. Чита</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliia N. Shamarova </p><p>Irkutsk; Chita </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k15@istu.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7121-7651</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шушпанов</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shushpanov</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шушпанов Илья Николаевич – канд. техн. наук, доцент кафедры электроснабжения и электротехники</p><p>г. Иркутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilia N. Shushpanov</p><p>Irkutsk </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilis83@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5989-9549</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федосов</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedosov</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Федосов Денис Сергеевич – канд. техн. наук, заведующий кафедрой электрических станций, сетей и систем</p><p>г. Иркутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis S. Fedosov</p><p>Irkutsk </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fedosov_ds@istu.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0484-2857</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суслов</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suslov</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Суслов Константин Витальевич – д-р техн. наук, профессор кафедры гидроэнергетики и возобновляемых источников энергии</p><p>г. Иркутск; г. Москва,  </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin V. Suslov </p><p>Irkutsk; Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.souslov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3798-3675</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Батухтин</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Batukhtin</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Батухтин Андрей Геннадьевич – д-р техн. наук, доцент кафедры энергетики </p><p>г. Чита</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey G. Batukhtin</p><p>Chita </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">batuhtina_ir@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Иркутский национальный исследовательский технический университет ; Забайкальский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk National Research Technical University ; Transbaikal State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Иркутский национальный исследовательский технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk National Research Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Иркутский национальный исследовательский технический университет ; Национальный исследовательский университет «Московский энергетический институт»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk National Research Technical University ; Moscow Power Engineering Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Забайкальский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Transbaikal State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>147</fpage><lpage>161</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шамарова Н.А., Шушпанов И.Н., Федосов Д.С., Суслов К.В., Батухтин А.Г., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шамарова Н.А., Шушпанов И.Н., Федосов Д.С., Суслов К.В., Батухтин А.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shamarova N.A., Shushpanov I.N., Fedosov D.S., Suslov K.V., Batukhtin A.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.energyret.ru/jour/article/view/3445">https://www.energyret.ru/jour/article/view/3445</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность исследования заключается в разработке метода моделирования графика нагрузки электрозаправочных станций (ЭЗС) с учетом неопределенности параметров нагрузки, включая характер интенсивности подключения электромобилей (ЭМ) в течение заданного периода.</p><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Рассмотреть проблемы моделирования графика нагрузки ЭЗС с учетом неопределенности. Разработать метод моделирования графика нагрузки ЭЗС, учитывающий несколько случайных составляющих. Провести моделирование графика нагрузки, учитывающей характер интенсивности начала времени зарядки на основе эмпирических данных. Провести оценку неопределенности нагрузки ЭЗС, сходимости модели и произвести анализ ее чувствительности на изменение входных параметров.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Проанализированы существующие методы моделирования графика нагрузки ЭЗС. Для построения математической модели графика нагрузки ЭЗС использован метод Монте-Карло, реализованный в среде MatLab®.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В статье проведена обработка экспериментальных данных по количеству подключаемых ЭМ, на основе которых получен усредненный суточный график нагрузки ЭЗС. Применен комбинированный закон распределения вероятностей, соответствующий эмпирическим данным и отражающий интенсивность подключения ЭМ. Разработана параметрическая модель для формирования временного профиля нагрузки ЭЗС, учитывающая ключевые факторы</p><p>неопределенности нагрузки: времена начала зарядки; потребляемую мощность ЭМ; продолжительность зарядки и количество ЭМ.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Предложены метод и модель графика нагрузки ЭЗС, позволяющие формировать временной профиль мощности при наличии неопределенности исходных данных. Модель графика нагрузки ЭЗС может быть использована для планирования размещения ЭЗС, оценки небаланса электроэнергии и выбора параметров накопителей электроэнергии для интеграции ЭЗС и обеспечения их стабильной работы в распределительных электрических сетях.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. This study addresses the need to develop a method for modeling the load profile of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) while accounting for parameter uncertainties, including the stochastic intensity of electric vehicle (EV) connections over a given period.</p></sec><sec><title>The Purpose</title><p>The Purpose. Analyze challenges in modeling EVCS load profiles under uncertainty. Develop a simulation method for EVCS load profiles that incorporates multiple stochastic components. Simulate load profiles reflecting the intensity of charging start times using empirical data. Evaluate EVCS load uncertainty, model convergence, and sensitivity to input parameter variations.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The study analyzes existing methods for modeling EVCS load profiles. A Monte Carlo method, implemented in MatLab®, was used to construct a mathematical model of the EVCS load profile.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Experimental data on the number of connected EVs are processed to derive an average daily EVCS load profile. A combined probability distribution law, aligned with empirical data and reflecting EV connection intensity, is applied. A parametric model is developed to generate the temporal load profile of EVCS, incorporating key uncertainty factors: charging start time, EV power consumption, charging duration, and the number of EVs.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. A method and model for simulating EVCS load profiles are proposed, enabling the generation of temporal power profiles under input data uncertainty. The model can be applied to plan EVCS placement, evaluate power imbalance and select parameters for energy storage systems to integrate EVCS and ensure their stable operation in distribution grids.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>распределительные электрические сети</kwd><kwd>электрозаправочные станции</kwd><kwd>электромобили</kwd><kwd>неопределенность графика нагрузки</kwd><kwd>метод Монте-Карло</kwd><kwd>модели графика нагрузки ЭЗС</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>electric distribution grids</kwd><kwd>electric charging stations</kwd><kwd>electric vehicles</kwd><kwd>load schedule uncertainty</kwd><kwd>Monte Carlo method</kwd><kwd>electric vehicle charging station load profile models</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (тема № 123102000012-2 «Комплексное исследование аэродинамических характеристик плазменных систем термохимической подготовки топлива», соглашение № 075-03-2023-028/1 от 05.10.2023 г.).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the research was carried out within the state assignment of Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (theme № 123102000012-2 «Comprehensive study of aerodynamic characteristics of plasma systems of thermochemical fuel preparation», agreement № 075-03-2023-028/1 of 05.10.2023).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аналитическое агентство "АВТОСТАТ" URL: https://www.autostat.ru/ (дата обращения 20.10.2024)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Analytical agency "AUTOSTAT" URL: https://www.autostat.ru/ (accessed October 20, 2024)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">РБК URL: https://www.rbc.ru/ (дата обращения 20.10.2024)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">RBC. 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