probenerИзвестия высших учебных заведений. ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЭНЕРГЕТИКИPower engineering: research, equipment, technology1998-99032658-5456Kazan State Power Engineering University10.30724/1998-9903-2025-27-4-3-29probener-3473Research ArticleЭЛЕКТРОТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ КОМПЛЕКСЫ И СИСТЕМЫELECTROTECHNICAL COMPLEXES AND SYSTEMSОбзор современных методов защиты и диагностики состояния интеллектуальных систем электроснабженияReview of modern protection and diagnostics methods of intelligent power supply systemshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6581-2400ГатауллинА. М.GataullinA. M.

Гатауллин Айрат Мухамедович – канд. техн. наук, доцент кафедры «Релейная защита и автоматизация электроэнергетических систем» (РЗА)

г. Казань

Ayrat M. Gataullin

Kazan

gataullin1969@gmail.comГавриленкоА. Н.GavrilenkoA. N.

Гавриленко Андрей Николаевич – канд. физ.-мат. наук, доцент кафедры «Релейная защита и автоматизация электроэнергетических систем» (РЗА)

г. Казань

Andrey N. Gavrilenko

Kazan

ПисковацкийЮ. В.PiscovatskiyY. V.

Писковацкий Юрий Валерьевич – канд. техн. наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой «Релейная защита и автоматизация электроэнергетических систем» (РЗА)

г. Казань

Yuri V. Piskovatskiy

Kazan

Казанский государственный энергетический университетРоссияKazan State Power Engineering UniversityRussian Federation202507092025274329Copyright © Гатауллин А.М., Гавриленко А.Н., Писковацкий Ю.В., 20252025Гатауллин А.М., Гавриленко А.Н., Писковацкий Ю.В.Gataullin A.M., Gavrilenko A.N., Piscovatskiy Y.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.energyret.ru/jour/article/view/3473

Актуальность исследования заключается в развитии интеллектуальных систем электроснабжения (ИСЭ), что подразумевает совершенствование существующих, внедрение и совершенствование современных защит, систем диагностики, мониторинга элементов высоковольтного электрооборудования (ВЭ).

Цель

Цель. Рассмотреть современные, а также пути развития и возможности интеграции систем защиты и диагностики кабельно-воздушных линий (КВЛ) ИСЭ.

Методы

Методы. При решении поставленной задачи был проведен сравнительный анализ причин, которые приводят к срабатыванию защит КВЛ ИСЭ, недостатки защит и возможные пути их совершенствования. Были проанализированы современное состояние защит, диагностики, мониторинга КВЛ ИСЭ и пути их развития. В том числе рассмотрены перспективные методы диагностики изоляции, муфтовых соединений кабельных линий (КЛ) по характеристикам частичных разрядов (ЧР), скруток воздушных линий (ВЛ) по данным тепловизионного обследования.

Результаты

Результаты. В статье был проведен обзор существующих защит и систем диагностики элементов КВЛ ИСЭ высокого и среднего классов напряжения. Рассмотрены актуальные вопросы развития защит ИСЭ в том числе распределенной генерации в состав которых входят генераторы возобновляемых источников электроэнергии (ВИЭ) для того, чтобы обеспечить бесперебойную поставку электроэнергии потребителям в системах распределенной генерации. Рассмотрены актуальные вопросы развития современных методов диагностики КВЛ до уровня систем мониторинга в том числе с применением методов тепловизионного обследования, диэлектрической импедансной спектроскопии (ИС), метода ЧР.

Заключение

Заключение. Развитие ИСЭ будет актуальной задачей еще длительное время. Наиболее перспективными защитами ИСЭ будут адаптивные защиты с применением искусственных нейронных сетей (ИНС), в которые будут интегриро ваны наиболее современные математические алгоритмы и методы диагностики, в первую очередь технологии «умных сетей» (Smart Grids), технология микросетей (Microgrids), метод независимых компонент (МНК), ЧР, тепловизионного обследования, электрической импедансной спектроскопии (ИС), диэлектрической спектроскопии (ДС).

Relevance of the study lies in the development of intelligent power supply systems (IPS), which implies the improvement of existing, implementation and improvement of modern protection, diagnostic systems, monitoring of high-voltage electrical equipment (HVE) elements.

The purpose

The purpose. To consider modern state, as well as the ways of development and possibilities of integration of protection and diagnostic systems of cable-overhead lines (COL) of IPS.

Methods

Methods. For solving the problem, a comparative analysis of the reasons that lead to the operation the protection systems of the COL of IPS, their shortcomings and possible ways of their improvement were carried out. The current state of protection, diagnostics, monitoring of COL of IPS and the ways of their development were analyzed. In particular, promising methods for diagnosing insulation, coupling joints of cable lines (CL) according to the characteristics of partial discharges (PD), overhead lines (OL) elements according to the data of thermal imaging inspection were considered. RESULTS. The article provides an overview of existing protection and diagnostic systems for COL of IPS of high and medium voltage classes. The article is devoted to current issues protection development of ISE of distributed generation, which include renewable energy source (RES) generators, in order to prevent overvoltage and ensure uninterrupted power supply to consumers in distributed generation systems. The article considers current issues of development of modern methods of COL diagnostics up to the level of monitoring systems, including using thermal imaging survey methods, dielectric impedance spectroscopy (DIS), and the PD method.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Development of ISE will be one of the main task for a long time. The most advanced ISE protections will be adaptive protections using artificial neural networks (ANN) in which be integrate the most modern mathematical algorithms and diagnostic methods, primarily smart grids technologies, microgrids technology, independent component method (ICM), PD methods, thermal imaging survey, electrical impedance spectroscopy (DIS), and dielectric spectroscopy (DS).

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.