probenerИзвестия высших учебных заведений. ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЭНЕРГЕТИКИPower engineering: research, equipment, technology1998-99032658-5456Kazan State Power Engineering University10.30724/1998-9903-2026-28-1-3-21probener-3752Research ArticleМЕТОДЫ И ПРИБОРЫ КОНТРОЛЯ И ДИАГНОСТИКИ МАТЕРИАЛОВ, ИЗДЕЛИЙ, ВЕЩЕСТВ И ПРИРОДНОЙ СРЕДЫMETHODS AND DEVICES FOR CONTROLLING AND DIAGNOSING MATERIALS, ARTICLES, SUBSTANCES AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENTМетод бесконтактного контроля параметров электромагнитного поля ЛЭП 6-10 кВ и источников гармонических искажений, основанный на спектральном анализе данныхMethod for noncontact control of electromagnetic field parameters of 6-10 kV overhead transmission line and harmonic distortion sources based on spectral data analysishttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1868-4389БраммА. М.BrammA. M.

Брамм Андрей Михайлович – мл. научный сотрудник научной лаборатории цифровых двойников в электроэнергетике

г. Екатеринбург

Andrey M. Bramm

Yekaterinburg

am.bramm@urfu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5327-6076ХальясмааА. И.KhalyasmaaA. I.

Хальясмаа Александра Ильмаровна – канд. техн. наук, доцент, заведующий научной лабораторией цифровых двойников в электроэнергетике

г. Екатеринбург

Alexandra I. Khalyasmaa

Yekaterinburg

a.i.khaliasmaa@urfu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5704-0976МатренинП. В.MatreninP. V.

Матренин Павел Викторович – канд. техн. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории цифровых двойников в электроэнергетике

г. Екатеринбург

Pavel V. Matrenin

Yekaterinburg

p.v.matrenin@urfu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9617-2154ЕрошенкоС. А.EroshenkoS. A.

Ерошенко Станислав Андреевич – канд. техн. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры «Электротехника» Уральского энергетического института

г. Екатеринбург

Stanislav A. Eroshenko

Yekaterinburg

s.a.eroshenko@urfu.ruУральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. ЕльцинаРоссияUral Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. YeltsinRussian Federation202628032026281321Copyright © Брамм А.М., Хальясмаа А.И., Матренин П.В., Ерошенко С.А., 20262026Брамм А.М., Хальясмаа А.И., Матренин П.В., Ерошенко С.А.Bramm A.M., Khalyasmaa A.I., Matrenin P.V., Eroshenko S.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.energyret.ru/jour/article/view/3752

АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ. Рост доли нелинейных нагрузок и силовой электроники в распределительных сетях 6-10 кВ вызывает увеличение уровня гармонических и интергармонических искажений, что приводит к нарушению синусоидальности напряжения и ускоренному старению оборудования. При этом традиционные контактные методы измерения параметров качества электроэнергии (ПКЭ) ограничены эксплуатационными условиями и требуют сложной организации измерений.ЦЕЛЬ. Разработать алгоритм контроля источников искажений в сетях 6-10 кВ на основе сигналов бесконтактных индуктивных и емкостных датчиков электромагнитного поля.МЕТОДЫ. Для выделения гармонических и интергармонических составляющих использованы методы спектрального анализа (БПФ и КВПФ), а также метод формирования «спектральных подписей», включающий информативные признаки: изменение амплитуды и фазы основной гармоники (50 Гц), коэффициента THD, а также суммарных амплитуд четных и нечетных гармоник. Эксперименты выполнены на лабораторной установке, имитирующей участок ЛЭП 6-10 кВ. Исследованы режимы работы с нагрузкой в виде асинхронного двигателя, диодного моста и однофазной нелинейной нагрузки.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Показано, что индуктивные датчики чувствительны к изменению токовых нагрузок и динамике магнитного потока, в то время как емкостные сенсоры фиксируют искажения электрического поля и асимметрию фаз. Для асинхронного двигателя наблюдалось снижение THD до –12% и рост амплитуды основной гармоники до 65%. Для диодного моста характерен рост высокочастотных четных гармоник до +1550%, а для однофазной нелинейной нагрузки – появление фазной несимметрии и увеличение THD на 2-4%.ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Показано, что совмещенное использование индуктивных и емкостных бесконтактных датчиков формирует отличающиеся спектральные подписи для трех рассмотренных типов источников искажений. Разработанный алгоритм позволяет формализовать процедуру формирования эталонной библиотеки «источник–спектр» и может служить основой для построения интеллектуальных систем бесконтактного контроля качества электроэнергии в распределительных сетях 6-10 кВ.

RELEVANCE of the study lies in the increasing number of nonlinear loads and power electronic devices in 6-10 kV distribution networks is causing an increase in harmonic and interharmonic distortion. This distortion is disrupting the sinusoidal nature of the voltage and accelerating equipment aging. Traditional contact-based methods for measuring power quality parameters are limited by their operating conditions and require complex measurement setups.OBJECTIVE of this study aims to develop an algorithm for identifying distortion sources in 6-10 kV networks by analyzing signals from non-contact electromagnetic field sensors that measure inductive and capacitive fields.METHODS of the study include spectral analysis techniques, such as Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT), to extract harmonic and interharmonic components from the data. These techniques form spectral fingerprints, which include informative features like the variation in amplitude and phase of the fundamental harmonic (50 Hz), total harmonic distortion (THD), and the sum of even and odd harmonic amplitudes. Laboratory experiments were conducted on a 6-10 kV distribution line segment, simulating different operating modes with asynchronous motors, three-phase diodes, and single-phase non-linear loads.THE RESULTS. show that inductive sensors are sensitive to changes in current load and magnetic flux, while capacitive sensors can detect electric field distortions and phase asymmetries. For the asynchronous motor, the total harmonic distortion (THD) decreased by up to 12% and the amplitude of the main harmonic increased by 65%. High-frequency even harmonics were generated by the diode bridge with an amplitude growth of up to +1550%. Single-phase nonlinear loads introduced phase asymmetry and increased the THD by 2-4%.CONCLUSION states that combination of inductive and capacitive non-contact sensors allows for distinct spectral signatures which can be used as features for further identification algorithms of distortion sources. The developed algorithm can form a reference spectrum library and serve as a basis for intelligent non-contact monitoring systems for power quality control in distribution networks of 6-10 kV.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.