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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">probener</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЭНЕРГЕТИКИ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Power engineering: research, equipment, technology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-9903</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5456</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kazan State Power Engineering  University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30724/1998-9903-2026-28-1-89-102</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">probener-3757</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИЕ СИСТЕМЫ И КОМПЛЕКСЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENERGY SYSTEMS AND COMPLEXES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка влияния условий циклирования процессов запуска и останова батареи топливных элементов с протонообменной мембраной на эксплуатационный ресурс</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of the influence of cycling conditions of start-up and stop-up processes of a protonexchange membrane fuel cell stack on its operational life</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симонов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Simonov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Симонов Иван Владимирович – ведущий инженер-конструктор, центр электроники и элементов питания</p><p>г. Набережные Челны</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan V. Simonov</p><p>Naberezhnye Chelny</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Simonov.IV@kamaz.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудинов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudinov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кудинов Даниил Владимирович – аспирант</p><p>г. Казань;</p><p>ведущий инженер-конструктор, центр электроники и элементов питания</p><p>г. Набережные Челны</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daniil V. Kudinov</p><p>Kazan</p><p>Naberezhnye Chelny</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">KudinovDV@kamaz.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевченко</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevchenko</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шевченко Денис Иванович – начальник отдела</p><p>г. Набережные Челны</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis I. Shevchenko</p><p>Naberezhnye Chelny</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ShevchenkoDI@kamaz.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корнилов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kornilov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Корнилов Семён Владимирович – аспирант</p><p>г. Казань;</p><p>главный конструктор энергетических систем, центр электроники и элементов питания</p><p>г. Набережные Челны</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Semyon V. Kornilov</p><p>Kazan</p><p>Naberezhnye Chelny</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Kornilov.SV@kamaz.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фардеев</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fardeyev</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фардеев Ленар Ильдарович – директор центра электроники и элементов питания</p><p>г. Набережные Челны</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lenar I. Fardeev</p><p>Naberezhnye Chelny</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Lenar.Fardeev@kamaz.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ПАО «КАМАЗ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>PJSC “KAMAZ”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский федеральный университет»;&#13;
ПАО «КАМАЗ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan Federal University;&#13;
PJSC “KAMAZ”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный энергетический университет»;&#13;
ПАО «КАМАЗ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan Federal University;&#13;
PJSC “KAMAZ”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>89</fpage><lpage>102</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Симонов И.В., Кудинов Д.В., Шевченко Д.И., Корнилов С.В., Фардеев Л.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Симонов И.В., Кудинов Д.В., Шевченко Д.И., Корнилов С.В., Фардеев Л.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Simonov I.V., Kudinov D.V., Shevchenko D.I., Kornilov S.V., Fardeyev L.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.energyret.ru/jour/article/view/3757">https://www.energyret.ru/jour/article/view/3757</self-uri><abstract><p>ЦЕЛЬЮ работы является описание алгоритмов циклирования батареи топливных элементов с протонообменной мембраной, которые целесообразно применять при регулярной эксплуатации в составе транспортного средства и при проведении ресурсных испытаний в лабораторных условиях. Провести комплексную оценку рассмотренных алгоритмов циклирования и количественно оценить влияние внутренних процессов на продолжительность эксплуатации.МЕТОДЫ. Для оценки предлагаемых алгоритмов циклирования использовалось специализированное программное обеспечение AVL Cruise M, в котором была создана цифровая 1D-модель батареи топливных элементов, которая описывает ключевые процессы, протекающие в топливных элементах.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. В статье приведен механизм деградационных процессов которые происходят в топливных элементах при их циклической работе. Проведено количественное сравнение результатов применения двух алгоритмов циклирования по концентрациям платины в мембране, перекиси водорода, удельной электрохимической поверхности каталитического слоя, снижения напряжения с каждым циклом и другим ключевым показателям. Практическая значимость работы заключается в подробно описанных рекомендованных двух алгоритмах циклирования батареи топливных элементов: первый алгоритм применим для эксплуатации батарей топливных элементов в составе транспортного средства, второй подходит для определения долговечности батареи. Последний алгоритм позволит сократить время, затрачиваемое на ресурсные испытания, с 25 000 до 123 часов.ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Результаты исследования показали, что основными причинами повышенной деградации при циклической работе являются сильное изменение потенциалов на каталитических слоях топливных элементов, входящих в состав батареи, а также диффузия реагентов, которая может приводить к возникновению обратного тока на определенных участках топливных элементов. При рассмотрении стационарной работы как базового процесса, было выявлено, что в первые 50 часов эксплуатации наблюдается резкое уменьшение напряжения, которое стабилизируется только к 300 часам.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>THE PURPOSE of this work is to describe the cycling algorithms for fuel cell batteries with proton exchange membranes, which are suitable for use in regular operation in vehicles and during resource testing in laboratory conditions. To conduct a comprehensive assessment of the considered cycling algorithms and quantitatively evaluate the impact of internal processes on the duration of operation.METHODS. To evaluate the proposed cycling algorithms, specialized software AVL Cruise M was used to create a digital 1D model of a fuel cell battery that describes the key processes occurring in fuel cells.RESULTS. The article describes the mechanism of degradation processes that occur in fuel cells during their cyclic operation. A quantitative comparison was made of the results of applying two cycling algorithms based on the concentrations of platinum in the membrane, hydrogen peroxide, the specific electrochemical surface area of the catalytic layer, voltage reduction with each cycle, and other key indicators. The practical significance of the work lies in the detailed description of the two recommended fuel cell battery cycling algorithms: the first algorithm is applicable for the operation of fuel cell batteries in a vehicle, while the second is suitable for determining battery life. The latter algorithm will reduce the time spent on resource testing from 25,000 to 123 hours.CONCLUSION. The results of the study showed that the main causes of increased degradation during cyclic operation are significant changes in the potentials on the catalytic layers of the fuel cells that make up the battery, as well as the diffusion of reagents, which can lead to the emergence of reverse current in certain areas of the fuel cells. When considering steady-state operation as the base process, it was found that in the first 50 hours of operation, there is a sharp decrease in voltage, which stabilizes only after 300 hours.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>топливные элементы</kwd><kwd>деградация топливных элементов</kwd><kwd>эксплуатация батареи топливных элементов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fuel cells</kwd><kwd>fuel cell degradation</kwd><kwd>fuel cell stack operation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bravo D., Boillot L. Historical Analysis of Clean Hydrogen JU Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles, Buses and Refuelling Infrastructure Projects // JRC Publications Repository. 2024. doi:10.2760/892745.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bravo D., Boillot L. 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