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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">probener</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЭНЕРГЕТИКИ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Power engineering: research, equipment, technology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-9903</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5456</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kazan State Power Engineering  University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30724/1998-9903-2026-28-1-168-178</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">probener-3763</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКАЯ И ПРИКЛАДНАЯ ТЕПЛОТЕХНИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEORETICAL AND APPLIED HEAT ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Терморасширение и усадка эпоксидных пенопластов при вторичном нагреве</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Thermal expansion and shrinkage of epoxy foams during secondary heating</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9011-6856</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андрианова</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andrianova</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрианова Кристина Александровна – канд. техн. наук, доцент кафедры производства летательных аппаратов</p><p>г. Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kristina A. Andrianova</p><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">KAAndrianova@kai.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аэрайгули</surname><given-names>Куомалибиекэ</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aeraiguli</surname><given-names>Kuomalibieke</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аэрайгули Куомалибиекэ – аспирант кафедры производства летательных аппаратов</p><p>г. Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aeraiguli Kuomalibieke</p><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arai0415@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бубнов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bubnov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бубнов Денис Альбертович – аспирант кафедры производства летательных аппаратов</p><p>г. Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis A. Bubnov</p><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">DABubnov@kai.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7605-2743</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Амирова</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Amirova</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Амирова Лилия Миниахмедовна – д-р хим. наук, профессор кафедры производства летательных аппаратов</p><p>г. Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liliya M. Amirova</p><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">amirovaliliyam@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский национальный исследовательский технический университет – КАИ им. А.Н. Туполева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>168</fpage><lpage>178</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Андрианова К.А., Аэрайгули К., Бубнов Д.А., Амирова Л.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Андрианова К.А., Аэрайгули К., Бубнов Д.А., Амирова Л.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Andrianova K.A., Aeraiguli K., Bubnov D.A., Amirova L.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.energyret.ru/jour/article/view/3763">https://www.energyret.ru/jour/article/view/3763</self-uri><abstract><p>АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ. Эпоксидные пены, полученные путем терморасширения полимерных микросфер, перспективны в качестве заполнителей сэндвич-панелей. При вторичном нагреве эпоксидных пеноматериалов могут происходить процессы значительной усадки или терморасширения в зависимости от состава пен. Исследование и прогнозирование данных процессов необходимо для проектирования сэндвич-изделий с эпоксидным пенозаполнителем.ЦЕЛЬ. Исследование процессов термического расширения и усадки эпоксидных пенопластов при вторичном нагреве. Оценка давления, создаваемого в замкнутом пространстве оснастки за счет расширения.МЕТОДЫ. Для оценки температуры стеклования эпоксидных пенопластов использовался метод динамического механического анализа. Процесс вспенивания микросфер изучался методом термомеханического анализа. Оценка термического расширения и усадки производилась путем измерения линейных размеров и объема пенопласта до и после термической обработки. Оценка давления в процессе терморасширения пенопластов производилась с помощью датчиков давления и регистрировалась с помощью диэлектрической системы мониторинга процесса формования композитов DiamonPlus (INASCO).РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Показано, что при вторичном нагреве эпоксидных пенопластов может происходить усадка или расширение материала в зависимости от содержания микросфер. Давление терморасширения увеличивается с повышением плотности пенопласта.ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Подобраны температурные условия вторичной термообработки и проведены исследования терморасширения эпоксидных пенопластов с различным содержанием микросфер и с различной начальной плотностью. Показано, что начальная минимальная плотность пенопласта снижается, а плотность после термообработки увеличивается с повышением концентрации микросфер. С повышением начальной плотности пенопласта при постоянной концентрации микросфер плотность пенопласта после термообработки снижается. Для пенопластов с большой начальной плотностью и большим содержанием микросфер наблюдается анизотропия расширения и сжатия после термообработки.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>RELEVANCE. Epoxy foams produced by thermal expansion of polymer microspheres show promise as sandwich panel cores. During secondary heating of epoxy foams, significant shrinkage or thermal expansion may occur, depending on the foam composition. Research and prediction of these processes is necessary for the design of sandwich products with epoxy foam cores.THE PURPOSE. To study the thermal expansion and shrinkage of epoxy foams during secondary heating. To estimate the pressure created in a confined tooling space due to expansion.METHODS. Dynamic mechanical analysis was used to estimate the glass transition temperature of epoxy foams. The foaming process of microspheres was studied using thermomechanical analysis. Thermal expansion and shrinkage were assessed by measuring the linear dimensions and volume of the foam before and after heat treatment. The pressure during the thermal expansion of foam plastics was assessed using pressure sensors and recorded using the DiamonPlus dielectric composite molding process monitoring system (INASCO).RESULTS. It was shown that secondary heating of epoxy foam plastics can cause shrinkage or expansion of the material depending on the microsphere content. Thermal expansion pressure increases with increasing foam plastic density.CONCLUSIONS. The temperature conditions for secondary heat treatment were selected, and thermal expansion studies were conducted for epoxy foam plastics with different microsphere contents and initial densities. It was shown that the initial minimum foam density decreases, while the density after heat treatment increases with increasing microsphere concentration. With an increase in the initial foam plastic density at a constant microsphere concentration, the foam plastic density after heat treatment decreases. For foam plastics with a high initial density and a high microsphere content, anisotropy of expansion and contraction after heat treatment is observed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тепловое расширение</kwd><kwd>эпоксидный пенопласт</kwd><kwd>терморасширяющиеся микросферы</kwd><kwd>усадка</kwd><kwd>плотность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thermal expansion</kwd><kwd>epoxy foam</kwd><kwd>thermally expanding microspheres</kwd><kwd>shrinkage</kwd><kwd>density.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена за счет гранта, предоставленного Академией наук Республики Татарстан образовательным организациям высшего образования, научным и иным организациям на поддержку планов развития кадрового потенциала в части стимулирования их научных и научно-педагогических работников к защите докторских диссертаций и выполнению научно-исследовательских работ. (Соглашение №15/2025-ПДКАИ от22.12.2025).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was funded by a grant from the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstanprovided to higher education institutions, scientific and other organizationsto support human resource development plans in terms of encouraging theirresearch and academic staff to defend doctoral dissertations and conductresearch activities." (Agreement No. 15/2025-PD-KAI dated December 22,2025).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taskin O. S. Polymeric Foams: Materials, Technology, and Applications // Polymeric Foams: Applications of Polymeric Foams (Volume 2). American Chemical Society, 2023. С. 51-63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taskin O. S. 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