<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">probener</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЭНЕРГЕТИКИ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Power engineering: research, equipment, technology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-9903</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5456</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kazan State Power Engineering  University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30724/1998-9903-2026-28-3-16-25</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">probener-3903</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДЫ И ПРИБОРЫ КОНТРОЛЯ И ДИАГНОСТИКИ МАТЕРИАЛОВ, ИЗДЕЛИЙ, ВЕЩЕСТВ И ПРИРОДНОЙ СРЕДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METHODS AND DEVICES FOR CONTROLLING AND DIAGNOSING MATERIALS, ARTICLES, SUBSTANCES AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Акустический мониторинг утечек трубопроводов на основе фрактального анализа сигналов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acoustic monitoring of pipeline leaks based on fractal analysis of signal</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Загретдинов</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zagretdinov</surname><given-names>Ayrat R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Загретдинов Айрат Рифкатович – канд. техн. наук, доцент кафедры «Промышленная теплоэнергетика и системы теплоснабжения»</p><p>г. Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zagretdinov.ar@kgeu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зиганшин</surname><given-names>Ш. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ziganshin</surname><given-names>Shamil G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зиганшин Шамиль Гаязович – канд. техн. наук, доцент кафедры «Промышленная теплоэнергетика и системы теплоснабжения»</p><p>г. Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ziganshin.sg@kgeu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клюкин</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klyukin</surname><given-names>Ilya I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Клюкин Илья Игоревич – аспирант</p><p>г. Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">klyukin.ii@kgeu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Александров</surname><given-names>Р. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alexandrov</surname><given-names>Roman N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александров Роман Николаевич – аспирант</p><p>г. Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aleksandrov.rn@kgeu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский государственный энергетический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Power Engineering University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>25</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Загретдинов А.Р., Зиганшин Ш.Г., Клюкин И.И., Александров Р.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Загретдинов А.Р., Зиганшин Ш.Г., Клюкин И.И., Александров Р.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zagretdinov A.R., Ziganshin S.G., Klyukin I.I., Alexandrov R.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.energyret.ru/jour/article/view/3903">https://www.energyret.ru/jour/article/view/3903</self-uri><abstract><p>АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ заключается в разработке нового подхода к обнаружению утечек трубопроводов, основанного на фрактальном анализе акустических сигналов. Предложенный подход позволяет повысить достоверность обнаружения утечек за счет упрощения интерпретации результатов измерений, исключения ошибок в принятии решения.</p><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Исследовать изменения фрактальной структуры колебаний трубопроводов на разном удалении от места утечки.</p></sec><sec><title>МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МЕТОДЫ. Для анализа акустических сигналов применялись методы нормированного размаха (R/S-анализ) и детрендированного флуктуационного анализа (detrended fluctuation analysis, DFA).</p><p>Проведены лабораторные и полевые эксперименты на трубах из разных материалов (полиэтилен, полипропилен, металлопластик, сталь).</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Установлено, что для герметичных трубопроводов характерен высокий уровень показателя Херста акустических сигналов. Снижение этого уровня свидетельствует о возникновении утечки. С увеличением расстояния между виброакустическим датчиком и утечкой линейно возрастает показатель Херста регистрируемых сигналов.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Проведенные экспериментальные исследования подтверждают возможность контроля утечек трубопроводов по анализу показателя Херста акустических сигналов. При мониторинге участка трубопровода, на котором предполагается наличие утечки, рекомендуется устанавливать несколько датчиков. Сигнал с наименьшим значением показателя Херста будет регистрировать датчик, расположенный ближе всего к источнику утечки. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The RELEVANCE of the present study is to develop a new approach to pipeline leak detection based on fractal analysis of acoustic signals. The proposed approach improves the reliability of leak detection by simplifying the interpretation of measurement results and eliminating errors in decision-making.</p><sec><title>OBJECT</title><p>OBJECT. To study changes in the fractal structure of pipeline vibrations at different distances from the leak site.</p></sec><sec><title>METHODS</title><p>METHODS. To analyze the acoustic signals, the methods of normalized range (R/S analysis) and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) were used. Laboratory and field experiments were conducted on pipes made of different materials (polyethylene, polypropylene, metal-plastic, steel).</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p> RESULTS. It was found that sealed pipelines are characterized by a high level of the Hurst exponent of acoustic signals. A decrease in this level indicates a leak. With increasing distance between the vibroacoustic sensor and the leak, the Hurst exponent of the recorded signals increases linearly.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION. Experimental studies confirm the feasibility of monitoring pipeline leaks by analyzing the Hurst exponent of acoustic signals. When monitoring a suspected leak section of a pipeline, it is recommended to install multiple sensors. The signal with the lowest Hurst exponent value will be recorded by the sensor located closest to the leak source.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мониторинг утечек</kwd><kwd>акустический сигнал</kwd><kwd>показатель Херста</kwd><kwd>метод нормированного размаха</kwd><kwd>детрендированный флуктуационный анализ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>leak monitoring</kwd><kwd>acoustic signal</kwd><kwd>Hurst exponent</kwd><kwd>normalized range method</kwd><kwd>detrended fluctuation analysis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена за счет гранта, предоставленного Академией наук Республики Татарстан образовательным организациям высшего образования, научным и иным организациям на поддержку планов развития кадрового потенциала в части стимулирования их научных и научно-педагогических работников к защите докторских диссертаций и выполнению научно-исследовательских работ.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by a grant from the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan to higher education institutions, scientific and other organizations to support plans for the development of human resources in terms of stimulating their scientific and teaching staff to defend doctoral dissertations and carry out research work.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клюев В.В., Соснин Ф.Р., Ковалев А.В. Неразрушающий контроль и диагностика: справочник. – М.: Машиностроение. – 2005. – 656 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klyuev V.V., Sosnin F.R., Kovalev A.V. Non-destructive testing and diagnostics: a handbook. - Moscow: Mashinostroenie. – 2005. – 656 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маслов А.А. Мониторинг скрытых утечек в трубопроводах и незаконных врезок в сети // Наилучшие доступные технологии водоснабжения и водоотведения. – 2021. – №3. – С. 30-34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maslov A.A. Monitoring hidden leaks in pipelines and illegal connections to networks // Best available technologies for water supply and sanitation. – 2021. – No. 3. – P. 30-34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu Y., Ma X., Li Y., Tie Y., Zhang Y., Gao J. Water pipeline leakage detection based on machine learning and wireless sensor networks // Sensors. – 2019. – №19. – 5086. – DOI: 10.3390/s19235086.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu Y., Ma X., Li Y., Tie Y., Zhang Y., Gao J. Water pipeline leakage detection based on machine learning and wireless sensor networks // Sensors. – 2019. – No. 19. – 5086. – DOI: 10.3390/s19235086.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang W., Sun H., Guo J., Lao L., Wu S., Zhang J. Experimental study on water pipeline leak using in-pipe acoustic signal analysis and artificial neural network prediction // Measurement. – 2021. – №186. – 110094. – DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2021.110094.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang W., Sun H., Guo J., Lao L., Wu S., Zhang J. Experimental study on water pipeline leak using in-pipe acoustic signal analysis and artificial neural network prediction // Measurement. – 2021. – No. 186. – 110094. – DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2021.110094.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guo G., Yu X., Liu S., Ma Z., Wu Y., Xu X., Wang X., Smith K., Wu X. Leakage detection in water distribution systems based on time–frequency convolutional neural network // Journal of water resources planning and management. – 2021. – №147. – 04020101. – DOI: 10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0001317.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guo G., Yu X., Liu S., Ma Z., Wu Y., Xu X., Wang X., Smith K., Wu X. Leakage detection in water distribution systems based on time–frequency convolutional neural network // Journal of water resources planning and management. – 2021. – No. 147. – 04020101. – DOI: 10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0001317.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jiang Z.Q., Xie, W.J., Zhou, W.X., Sornette, D. Multifractal analysis of financial markets: a review // Reports on progress in physics. – 2019. – Т. 82. – №12. – 125901. – DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ab42fb.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jiang Z.Q., Xie, W.J., Zhou, W.X., Sornette, D. Multifractal analysis of financial markets: a review // Reports on progress in physics. – 2019. – Vol. 82. – No. 12. – 125901. – DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ab42fb.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang W., Huang Z. Nonlinear dynamics of RMB exchange rate volatility: a multifractal perspective within the G-expectation framework // Fractal and fractional. – 2025. – Т. 9. – №11. – 746. – DOI: 10.3390/fractalfract9110746.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang W., Huang Z. Nonlinear dynamics of RMB exchange rate volatility: a multifractal perspective within the G-expectation framework // Fractal and fractional. – 2025. – Vol. 9. – No. 11. – 746. – DOI: 10.3390/fractalfract9110746.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boztaş Demir G., Doğrugören R., Topsakal K.G., Duran G.S., Görgülü S. Assessment of mandibular trabecular bone structure in hypodivergent growth patterns using fractal analysis // Fractal and fractional. – 2025. – Т. 9. – №8. – 517. – DOI: 10.3390/fractalfract9080517.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boztaş Demir G., Doğrugören R., Topsakal K.G., Duran G.S., Görgülü S. Assessment of mandibular trabecular bone structure in hypodivergent growth patterns using fractal analysis // Fractal and fractional. – 2025. – Vol. 9. – No. 8. – 517. – DOI: 10.3390/fractalfract9080517.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Datta D., Sathish S. Application of fractals to detect breast cancer //Journal of Physics: Conference Series. – 2019. – Т. 1377. – №1. – 012030. – DOI: 10.1088/17426596/1377/1/012030.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Datta D., Sathish S. Application of fractals to detect breast cancer // Journal of Physics: Conference Series. – 2019. – Vol. 1377. – No. 1. – 012030. – DOI: 10.1088/17426596/1377/1/012030.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhong H., Guo Y. Long-term persistence in observed temperature and precipitation series //Fractal and Fractional. – 2025. – Т. 9. – №6. – 385. – DOI: 10.3390/fractalfract9060385</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhong H., Guo Y. Long-term persistence in observed temperature and precipitation series // Fractal and Fractional. – 2025. – Vol. 9. – No. 6. – 385. – DOI: 10.3390/fractalfract9060385</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аптуков В.Н., Митин В.Ю. Фрактальный анализ метеорологических рядов с помощью метода минимального покрытия // Географический вестник. – 2019. – №2(49). – С. 67-79. – DOI 10.17072/2079-7877-2019-2-67-79.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aptukov V.N., Mitin V.Yu. Fractal analysis of meteorological series based on the minimal covering method // Geographical Bulletin. – 2019. – No. 2 (49). – P. 67-79. – DOI 10.17072/2079-7877-2019-2-67-79.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кубарев А.Ю., Закирова А.Б., Кубарев Ю.Г. Методы исследования свойств дефектного электрооборудования // Известия высших учебных заведений. Проблемы энергетики. – 2018. – Т. 20, № 3-4. – С. 108-115.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kubarev A.Yu., Zakirova A.B., Kubarev Yu.G. Research methods of the properties of defective electrical equipment // Power engineering: research, equipment, technology. – 2018. – Vol. 20, No. 3-4. – P. 108-115.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лотфуллин Р. Ш., Кубарев А.Ю., Кубарев Ю.Г. Релаксационные свойства полидисперсных сегнетоэлектриков // Известия высших учебных заведений. Проблемы энергетики. – 2016. – № 11-12. – С. 115-123.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lotfullin R.Sh., Kubarev A.Yu., Kubarev Yu.G. Distributed generation plants multiagent controlling system // Power engineering: research, equipment, technology. – 2016. – No. 11-12. – P. 115-123.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гарафутдинов Р.В. Моделирование и прогнозирование на финансовых рынках с применением фрактального анализа: монография. – Пермь: Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет, 2022. – 95 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garafutdinov R.V. Modeling and forecasting in financial markets using fractal analysis: monograph. – Perm: Perm state national research university, 2022. – 95 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peng C.-K., Buldyrev S.V., Havlin S., Simons M., Stanley H.E., Goldberger A.L. Mosaic organization of DNA nucleotides // Physical review e. – 1994. – №49. – C. 1685-1689.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peng C.-K., Buldyrev S.V., Havlin S., Simons M., Stanley H.E., Goldberger A.L. Mosaic organization of DNA nucleotides // Physical review e. – 1994. – No. 49. – P. 1685-1689.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zagretdinov A., Ziganshin S., Izmailova E., Vankov Y., Klyukin I., Alexandrov R. Detection of gate valve leaks through the analysis fractal characteristics of acoustic signal // Fractal and fractional. – 2024. – Т. 8. – №5. – 280. – DOI: 10.3390/fractalfract8050280.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zagretdinov A., Ziganshin S., Izmailova E., Vankov Y., Klyukin I., Alexandrov R. Detection of gate valve leaks through the analysis of fractal characteristics of acoustic signal // Fractal and fractional. – 2024. – Vol. 8. – No. 5. – 280. – DOI: 10.3390/fractalfract8050280.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zagretdinov A., Ziganshin S., Izmailova E., Vankov Y., Klyukin I., Alexandrov R. Detection of pipeline leaks using fractal analysis of acoustic signals // Fractal and fractional. – 2024. – Т. 8. – №4. – 213. – DOI: 10.3390/fractalfract8040213.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zagretdinov A., Ziganshin S., Izmailova E., Vankov Y., Klyukin I., Alexandrov R. Detection of pipeline leaks using fractal analysis of acoustic signals // Fractal and fractional. – 2024. – Vol. 8. – No. 4. – 213. – DOI: 10.3390/fractalfract8040213.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zagretdinov A., Ziganshin S., Izmailova E., Vankov Y., Klyukin I., Alexandrov R. Monitoring pipeline leaks using fractal analysis of acoustic signals // Fractal and fractional. – 2025. – Т. 9. – №3. – 178. – DOI 10.3390/fractalfract9030178.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zagretdinov A., Ziganshin S., Izmailova E., Vankov Y., Klyukin I., Alexandrov R. Monitoring pipeline leaks using fractal analysis of acoustic signals // Fractal and fractional. – 2025. – Vol. 9. – No. 3. – 178. – DOI 10.3390/fractalfract9030178.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bashan A., Bartsch R., Kantelhardt J.W., Havlin S. Comparison of detrending methods for fluctuation analysis // Physica A: statistical mechanics and its applications. – 2008. – Т. 387. – №21. – С. 5080-5090. – DOI 10.1016/j.physa.2008.04.023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bashan A., Bartsch R., Kantelhardt J.W., Havlin S. Comparison of detrending methods for fluctuation analysis // Physica A: statistical mechanics and its applications. – 2008. – Vol. 387. – No. 21. – P. 5080-5090. – DOI 10.1016/j.physa.2008.04.023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кошкин С.Ю. Особенности использования корреляционных течеискателей для обнаружения утечек в пластиковых трубопроводах // Megatech. Новые технологии в промышленной диагностике и безопасности. – 2011. – №1. – С. 30-35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koshkin S.Yu. Features of using correlation leak detectors to detect leaks in plastic pipelines // Megatech. New technologies in industrial diagnostics and safety. – 2011. – No. 1. – P. 30-35.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
