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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">probener</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЭНЕРГЕТИКИ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Power engineering: research, equipment, technology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-9903</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5456</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kazan State Power Engineering  University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30724/1998-9903-2026-28-3-178-191</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">probener-3919</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКАЯ И ПРИКЛАДНАЯ ТЕПЛОТЕХНИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEORETICAL AND APPLIED HEAT ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Моделирование теплового насоса и абсорбционной холодильного машины для утилизации тепловой энергии дата-центра</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Simulation of a heat pump and an absorption refrigerating machine for the utilization of thermal energy in a data center</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юдин</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yudin</surname><given-names>Alexander K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юдин Александр Константинович – аспирант</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yudin.a.k@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Владимиров</surname><given-names>Я. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vladimirov</surname><given-names>Yaroslav A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимиров Ярослав Александрович – доцент</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladim_yaa@spbstu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухаметова</surname><given-names>Л. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhametova</surname><given-names>Lilia R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мухаметова Лилия Рафаэльевна – канд. экон. наук, доцент, кафедры экономики и организации производства</p><p>Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">liliyamyhametova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский государственный энергетический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Power Engineering University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>178</fpage><lpage>191</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Юдин А.К., Владимиров Я.А., Мухаметова Л.Р., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Юдин А.К., Владимиров Я.А., Мухаметова Л.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yudin A.K., Vladimirov Y.A., Mukhametova L.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.energyret.ru/jour/article/view/3919">https://www.energyret.ru/jour/article/view/3919</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ</title><p>АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ. Тепловую энергию дата-центра (или ЦОД – центра обработки данных) с воздушной системой охлаждения можно использовать, например, для подогрева воздуха в помещениях в зимнее время. Для этого может быть установлен теплообменник, который передаст тепло от системы охлаждения и использует его для нагрева воздуха, который затем поступает в здание. Известен ряд типовых потребителей тепловой энергии от дата-центров: жилые и офисные здания, теплицы. Например, компания Yandex открыла в 2015 году дата-центр в пригороде Хельсинки. Тепловая энергия от дата-центра поступает в систему отопления жилых домов. В центре обработки данных компании Facebook в Лулеа, в Швеции, тепло, выделяемое серверами, используется для обогрева воздуха, который затем направляется в офисы Facebook и соседние здания. Кроме того, тепло от дата-центра может быть использовано для отопления теплиц и других объектов сельского хозяйства. В частности, в Нидерландах тепло от дата-центров используется для обогрева теплиц, где выращиваются овощи, цветы и другие растения.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Моделирование режимов работы теплового насоса и абсорбционной холодильного машины для утилизации тепловой энергии дата-центра.</p></sec><sec><title>МЕТОДЫ</title><p> МЕТОДЫ. Проведено моделирование режимов работы теплового насоса для интеграции дата-центра в систему централизованного теплоснабжения с расчетом теплового баланса и определением коэффициента трансформации тепловой энергии, который находится в диапазоне 3,4 – 4,5 в зависимости от расчетного режима. Дополнительно проведено моделирование режимов работы абсорбционной холодильной машины (АБХМ) для покрытия нагрузки на охлаждение дата-центра с расчетом теплового баланса.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Построенная математическая модель является моделью единичного теплового насоса, путем объединения которых будет достигаться уровень покрытия требуемой тепловой мощности для здания. Модель выполнена для технологической связки теплового насоса и дата-центра в виде концепции «черного ящика», где в качестве черного ящика выступает дата-центр.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p> ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Интеграция теплового насоса в тепловую схему датацентра является актуальным решением в случае расположения объекта в зоне действия системы централизованного теплоснабжения. В свою очередь, применение АБХМ с холодильной мощностью 2000 кВт может иметь перспективы, т.к. в качестве источника холода в типовых проектах холодоснабжения дата-центров применяются группы чиллеров внутреннего размещения мощностью по 2000 кВт с выносными воздушными конденсаторами. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>RELEVANCE</title><p>RELEVANCE. The thermal energy of a data center with an air-cooling system can be used, for example, to heat indoor air in winter. For this purpose, a heat exchanger can be installed, which transfers heat from the cooling system and uses it to heat the air, which then enters the building. A number of typical consumers of thermal energy from data centers are known: residential and office buildings, greenhouses. For example, Yandex opened a data center in a suburb of Helsinki in 2015. Thermal energy from the data center enters the heating system of residential buildings. At Facebook's data center in Lulea, Sweden, the heat generated by the servers is used to heat the air, which is then sent to Facebook's offices and neighboring buildings. In addition, the heat from the data center can be used to heat greenhouses and other agricultural facilities. In particular, in the Netherlands, heat from data centers is used to heat greenhouses where vegetables, flowers and other plants are grown.</p></sec><sec><title>THE PURPOSE</title><p>THE PURPOSE. Simulation of the operating modes of a heat pump and an absorption refrigerating machine for the utilization of thermal energy in a data center.</p></sec><sec><title>METHODS</title><p>METHODS. The simulation of the operating modes of a heat pump for the integration of a data center into a centralized heat supply system with the calculation of the heat balance and the determination of the coefficient of transformation of thermal energy, which is in the range of 3.4 - 4.5, depending on the design mode. Additionally, the simulation of the operating modes of an absorption refrigerating machine was carried out to cover the cooling load of the data center with the calculation of the thermal balance.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p> RESULTS. The constructed mathematical model is a model of a single heat pump, by combining which the level of coverage of the required heat output for the building will be achieved. The model is designed for the technological connection of a heat pump and a data center in the form of a "black box" concept, where the data center acts as a black box.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION. The integration of the heat pump into the thermal scheme of the data center is an urgent solution if the facility is located in the area of the district heating system. In turn, the use of absorption refrigerating machine with a cooling capacity of 2000 kW may have prospects, since groups of indoor chillers with a capacity of 2000 kW with external air condensers are used as a source of cold in typical data center refrigeration projects. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дата-центр</kwd><kwd>моделирование</kwd><kwd>централизованное теплоснабжение</kwd><kwd>тепловой насос</kwd><kwd>абсорбционная холодильная машина</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>data center</kwd><kwd>modeling</kwd><kwd>district heating</kwd><kwd>heat pump</kwd><kwd>absorption refrigerating machine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caceres C.R., Sandberg M., Sotoca A. Planning data center locations in Swedish municipalities. 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