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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">probener</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЭНЕРГЕТИКИ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Power engineering: research, equipment, technology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-9903</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5456</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kazan State Power Engineering  University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30724/1998-9903-2026-28-4-96-107</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">probener-4001</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭЛЕКТРОЭНЕРГЕТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ELECTRICITY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование характеристик частичных разрядов в одиночном воздушном дефекте изоляции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Partial discharges in gas insulation defects</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ньетерейе</surname><given-names>Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nyetereye</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ньетерейе Фредерик – аспирант</p><p>Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nyetereye Frederik</p><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nyetereyefrederic@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Усачев</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Usachev</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Усачев Александр Евгеньевич – д.ф.-м.н. профессор, профессор кафедры «Электрические станции им. Шибанова В.К.»</p><p>Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander E. Usachev</p><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aleksandr_usachev@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бобоев</surname><given-names>Ш. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boboev</surname><given-names>Sh. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бобоев Шухрат Абдусаломович – ассистент кафедры «Электрические станции им. Шибанова В.К.»</p><p>Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shukhrat A. Boboev</p><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shuhrar1004@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кубарев</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kubarev</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кубарев Артём Юрьевич –кан. техн. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры «Электрические станции им. Шибанова В.К.»</p><p>Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artyom Yu. Kubarev</p><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">artemkubarev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский государственный энергетический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Power Engineering University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>96</fpage><lpage>107</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ньетерейе Ф., Усачев А.Е., Бобоев Ш.А., Кубарев А.Ю., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ньетерейе Ф., Усачев А.Е., Бобоев Ш.А., Кубарев А.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nyetereye F., Usachev A.E., Boboev S.A., Kubarev A.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.energyret.ru/jour/article/view/4001">https://www.energyret.ru/jour/article/view/4001</self-uri><abstract><p>АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ исследования заключается в получении новых экспериментальных данных, позволяющих повысить достоверность диагностики электрооборудования методом частичных разрядов (ЧР).</p><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Определить характеристики частичных разрядов, возникающих внутри одиночного воздушного дефекта, находящегося в твёрдой изоляции.</p></sec><sec><title>МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МЕТОДЫ. При решении поставленной задачи применялись методы техники высоких напряжений для создания и экспериментального измерения высоких напряжений, вызывающих возникновение ЧР в газовом дефекте изоляции. Расчет напряжённости электрического поля в газовых дефектах твёрдой изоляции проводился методом конечных элементов в программе COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0. Применялись моделирование электрических цепей в MultiSim, методы теории вероятности и статистики при обработке результатов измерений.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. В статье изложена методика измерения контактным электрическим методом параметров только тех ЧР, которые возникают внутри созданного одиночного воздушного дефекта изоляции. Методом конечных элементов выполнены расчёты коэффициента неоднородности электрического поля для образцов с различными по величине газовыми дефектами. Для измерительной ячейки, в которой электроды имеют форму сегмента шара радиусом 25 мм, рассчитаны ожидаемые параметры ЧР в зависимости от размеров дефектов изоляции. Экспериментально показано, что ЧР в образце с одиночным газовым дефектом происходят только дважды за каждый период синусоидального напряжения промышленной частоты в 1-ой и 3-ей четвертях при одинаковой по модулю напряжённости электрического поля внутри дефекта. Влияния объёмного заряда, образующегося в каверне дефекта при каждом ЧР, на последующий ЧР, возникающий через половину периода синусоиды, не наблюдалось. Изменений напряжения возникновения ЧР (Uчр), частоты следования и амплитуды импульсов ЧР при выдержке образцов под напряжением U~1,5*Uчр в течение 400 часов не наблюдалось. Признаков деградации изоляции в стенках каверны дефекта за этот период не обнаружено.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>RELEVANCE of the study is to obtain new experimental data to improve the reliability of electrical equipment diagnostics using partial discharge (PD) measurements.</p><sec><title>THE PURPOSE</title><p>THE PURPOSE. To determine the characteristics of partial discharges occurring within a single air defect located in a solid insulation.</p></sec><sec><title>METHODS</title><p>METHODS. To achieve this objective, high-voltage techniques were used to generate and experimentally measure high voltages that cause PDs in gas defects in construction. The field strength in gas defects in solid connections was calculated using the finite element method in COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0. Electrical circuit modeling in MultiSim, along with methods, capabilities, and statistics, were used to process the measurement results.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. This article presents a methodology for measuring the parameters of only those partial discharges (PDs) that occur within a single air-filled insulation defect using the contact electrical method. The electric field non-uniformity coefficient was calculated using the finite element method for samples with gas defects of varying sizes. Modeling in Multisim software was used to determine the phase shift angle between the current and voltage in the cell during PD measurements. For a measuring cell in which the electrodes are shaped like a spherical segment with a radius of 25 mm, the expected PD parameters were calculated depending on the insulation defect sizes. It was experimentally demonstrated that PDs in a sample with a single gas defect occur only twice per period of a sinusoidal industrial frequency voltage in the first and third quarters, with the electric field strength inside the defect having the same absolute value. No effect of the space charge generated in the defect cavity during each PD on the subsequent PD occurring halfway through the sine wave period was observed. No changes in the PD initiation voltage (Upd), pulse repetition rate, or PD amplitude were observed when the samples were held under a voltage of U~1.5*Upd for 400 hours. No signs of insulation degradation in the defect cavity walls were detected during this period.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>частичные разряды</kwd><kwd>газовый дефект в изоляция</kwd><kwd>ячейка для измерений электрической прочности жидкостей</kwd><kwd>напряжённость возникновения ЧР</kwd><kwd>расчёт электрического поля</kwd><kwd>коэффициент неоднородности поля</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>partial discharges</kwd><kwd>gas defect in insulation</kwd><kwd>cell for measuring the electrical strength of liquids</kwd><kwd>partial discharge occurrence intensity</kwd><kwd>electric field calculation</kwd><kwd>field heterogeneity coefficient</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коробейников С.М., Овсянников А.Г. 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