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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">probener</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЭНЕРГЕТИКИ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Power engineering: research, equipment, technology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1998-9903</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5456</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kazan State Power Engineering  University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-9-10-71-78</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">probener-757</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОЕ, МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКОЕ И ХИМИЧЕСКОЕ МАШИНОСТРОЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POWER, METALLURGICAL AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ МЕХАНИКИ РАЗРУШЕНИЙ ДЛЯ ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЯ РЕСУРСА РАДИАЛЬНО-ОСЕВЫХ ГИДРОТУРБИН</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE APPLICATION OF FRACTURE MECHANICS TO PREDICT THE FRANCIS HYDRAULIC TURBINES LIFETIME</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9894-8868</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Георгиевская</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Georgievskaia</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. физ.-мат. наук, заведующая лабораторией прочности турбин ТЭС, АЭС и ГЭС</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Physics &amp; Mathematics), Head of the Turbine Strength Test Laboratory for the Thermal, Nuclear and Hydro Power Plants</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">GeorgievskaiaEV@ckti.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ОАО «НПО ЦКТИ», г. Санкт-Петербург</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>JSC «NPO CKTI», St. Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>01</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>9-10</issue><fpage>71</fpage><lpage>78</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Георгиевская Е.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Георгиевская Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Georgievskaia E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.energyret.ru/jour/article/view/757">https://www.energyret.ru/jour/article/view/757</self-uri><abstract><p>Для планирования своевременной реконструкции, модернизации, ремонтов или замены оборудования важно достоверно прогнозировать момент его перехода в предельное состояние, определяющее ресурс. В настоящее время не существует нормативных методов оценки ресурса гидротурбин на стадии эксплуатации. Представленный в докладе подход использует методы механики разрушений для построения долгосрочного индивидуального прогноза развития опасных дефектов в основных элементах гидротурбин с учетом конструктивных, технологических и эксплуатационных особенностей. Прогноз строится на базе трехмерных математических моделей, описывающих изменение технического состояния оборудования во времени в условиях фактической эксплуатации. Для расчетов используется программный комплекс Ansys. Модели учитывают размер и положение обнаруженных или возможных дефектов. Рост трещин определяется совокупностью низко- и высокочастотных нагрузок. Критическая длина трещины соответствует моменту изменения механизма развития трещин, когда резко возрастает риск разрушения. Использование предложенного подхода позволяет существенно снизить риск внепланового или аварийного останова гидроагрегата в межремонтный период вследствие его разрушения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>To plan for timely reconstruction, modernization, repairs or replacement of equipment it is important to reliably predict the instant of its transition to the limiting state that determines the lifetime. Currently, there are no regulatory methods for assessing the lifetime of hydraulic turbines at the operation stage. The approach presented in this paper uses the fracture mechanics methods to build a long-term individual forecast of the dangerous development defects in the main elements of hydraulic turbines taking into account design, technological and operational features. The forecast is based on three-dimensional mathematical models that describe the change in the technical condition of the equipment during time under actual operation. The ANSYS software is used for calculations. Models take into account the size and position of detected or possible defects. Crack growth is determined by the combination of low- and high-frequency loads. The critical length of the crack corresponds to the instant of change of the crack development mechanism, when the failure risk increases sharply. Proposed approach can significantly reduce the possibility of unplanned or emergency shutdown of the hydraulic unit due to its destruction during the overhaul period.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>механика разрушения</kwd><kwd>гидротурбина</kwd><kwd>отказ</kwd><kwd>трещина</kwd><kwd>оценка ресурса</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fracture mechanics</kwd><kwd>hydraulic turbine</kwd><kwd>failure</kwd><kwd>crack</kwd><kwd>lifetime assessment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Georgievskaia E. The lifetime of the hydraulic turbines is the guarantee of reliability and safe operation of HPPs. Analytical review of the literature (Георгиевская Е. Ресурс гидротурбин – гарантия надежности и безопасности эксплуатации ГЭС. Аналитический обзор литературы). LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. 2018. 157 p. 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