Study of design features of mobile charging units for electric transport for development of sketch design documentation

THE PURPOSE. Charging infrastructure is one of the factors influencing the transition to electric vehicles, as the electric vehicles in operation are characterized by a small range and a long battery charge period. Today, the development of the charging infrastructure depends only on the networks of stationary charging stations, which also have disadvantages (high cost, lack of mobility, etc.). Therefore, the purpose of this work is to study the design features of mobile electric vehicle charge units (MCSEU) for the development of draft design documentation for the creation of a new MCSEU project. This issue includes the study of the world market of manufacturers of modern mobile chargers, the study of technical and operational features that are today presented to modern energy storage and storage systems.

MATERIALS. The authors of the article processed and analyzed data on the current state of the charging infrastructure in Russia and the world, based on materials from Russian and foreign authors, as well as information on the development strategy of the electric transport industry in Russia and the world, in particular, data from Madison Gas and Electric.

RESULTS. The obtained analytical results are one of the aspects that will be taken into account when developing mobile charging devices for electric vehicles. This mobile charger technology significantly expands the possibilities of using electric vehicles, in particular electric vehicles, and also solves various problems of the fuel and energy complex associated with autonomous power sources and distributed generation systems.

CONCLUSION. The charging infrastructure is one of the factors influencing the transition to electric vehicles, as the electric vehicles in operation are characterized by a small range and a long period of charging the traction battery. However, this process will be long and in the near future networks of charging stations will be created, including mobile charging units for electric vehicles.

1. Velnikovsky AA. Methodology for substantiating the regional infrastructure of automobile gas-filling compressor stations (on the example of St. Petersburg): author. diss. Cand. tech. Sciences: 05.22.10. Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. St. Petersburg, 2019 . 28 p.

2. Asadov DG. Substantiation of the effectiveness of technical service of mobile electrical units for transport purposes during operation: diss. Dr. tech. Sciences: 05.20.03 / Moscow State Agroengineering University named after V.P. Goryachkin. Moscow, 2012 . 305 p.

3. World experience in stimulating the market for environmentally friendly modes of transport. Deloitte. Access mode: https://www2.deloitte.com/сontent/dam/Deloitte/ru/Documents/Corporate_responsibility/russian/ru_international_experience_rus.pdf.

4. Gorbunova AD, Anisimov IA. Scientific substantiation of the location of charging stations for electric vehicles. Progressive technologies in transport systems: collection of materials of the XIV international scientific and practical conference. Orenburg: Orenburg State University, 2019. pp. 158–162.

5. Gorbunova AD, Anisimov IA. Analysis of scientific approaches to substantiating the location of the charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. Progressive technologies and processes: collection of scientific articles of the 6th All-Russian scientific and technical conference with international participation. Kursk: South-West State University. 2019. pp. 66–68.

6. On the approval of the Strategy for the Development of the Automotive Industry until 2025: Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of 28.04.2018 No. 831-r. Government of Russia. The documents. Access mode: http://government.ru/docs/32547/.

7. BNE. Finance, Electric Vehicle Outlook, 2019, https://about.bnef.com/ electric-vehicleoutlook/.

8. Hauke E, Russell H, Stefan K, and Shivika S. Charging ahead: Electric-vehicle infrastructure demand, (accessed Nov 28, 2019), https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/automotive-and-assembly/our-insights/charging-aheadelectric-vehicle-infrastructure-demand.

9. Cui S., Zhao H., Wen H. Locating multiple size and multiple type of charging station for battery electricity vehicles. Sustainability. 2018;10(9):3267.

10. Atmaja TD. and Mirdanies M. Electric vehicle mobile charging station dispatch algorithm. Energy Procedia. 2015;68:326–335.

11. Global EV Outlook 2019, 2019 (accessed Jan 28, 2020), https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2019.

12. Clinton B.C. and Steinberg DC. Providing the spark: Impact of financial incentives on battery electric vehicle adoption. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management. 2019;98:102255. Available:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0095069618303115

13. Chauhan V. and Gupta A. Scheduling mobile charging stations for electric vehicle charging in 2018 14th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob). IEEE. 2018, pp. 131–136.

14. Halvorson B. NIO is providing a fully charged battery in 3 minutes for free in china, (accessed Nov 28, 2019). Available: https://www.greencarreports.com/news/1124806_nio-isproviding-a-fully-charged-battery-in-3-minutes-for-free-in-china.

15. Cui S., Zhao H., Chen H. The mobile charging vehicle routing problem with time windows and recharging services,” Computational intelligence. 2018.

16. S.-N. Yang, H.-W. Wang, C.-H. Gan, and Y.-B. Lin, Mobile charging information management for smart grid networks. International journal of information management.2013;33(2):245–251.

17. Atmaja TD, et al. Energy storage system using battery and ultracapacitor on mobile charging station for electric vehicle. Energy Procedia. 2015;68:429-437.

18. Nation-e lauches the first mobile charging station for electric cars: Angel car, , https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20100912005119/en/Nation-E-Lauches-Mobile-ChargingStation Electric-Cars. accessed: Nov 28, 2019.

19. Evaluating electric vehicle charging impacts and customer charging behaviorsexperience from six smart grid investment grant projects, office of electricity delivery and energy reliability. US Department of Energy, Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability, 2014 (accessed Nov 28, 2019), https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/B3 revised master 12- 17-2014 report.pdf.

20. Bruninga R. Overlooking l1 charging at-work in the rush for public charging speed in 2012. IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference. IEEE. 2012, pp. 1–5.

21. Rotthier B, Van Maerhem T, Blockx P, et al. Home charging of electric vehicles in Belgium in 2013 World Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition (EVS27). Nov 2013, pp. 1–6.

22. Electrifying world premiere. Available at: https://www.volkswagennewsroom.com/en/press-releases/electrifyingworld-premiere-volkswagen-offers-first-glimpse-ofmobile-chargingstation-4544. accessed: Nov 28, 2019. Volkswagen offers first glimpse of mobile charging station. 2018.

23. Comparing public electric vehicle charging networks. Available: https://www.myev.com/research/comparisons/comparing-public-electric-vehicle-chargingnetworks. accessed Nov 28, 2019.

24. Cui S, Zhao H and Zhang C. Multiple types of plug-in charging facilities locationrouting problem with time windows for mobile charging vehicles. Sustainability. 2018;10(8):2855.

25. Decker C. Electric vehicle charging and routing management via multi-infrastructure data fusion. 2012. Available at: https://scholarworks.rit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4153&context=theses. accessed Nov 28, 2019.

26. Sun B, Huang Z, Tan X, and Tsang DH. Optimal scheduling for electric vehicle charging with discrete charging levels in distribution grid. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid. 2016;9(2):624–634.

27. All Roads Lead to e-Mobility, 2017. Available: https://www.greeneconome.com/wpcontent/uploads/2018/04/2017 ChargePoint Charging Forward Report.pdf. (accessed Nov 28, 2019)

28. Wang F, Chen R, Miao L, et al. Location optimization of electric vehicle mobile charging stations considering multi-period tochastic user equilibrium. Sustainability. 2019;11:20:5841.

29. Abdulaal A, Cintuglu MH, Asfour S, et al. Solving the multivariant ev routing problem incorporating v2g and g2v options. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification.2016;3(1):238–248.

30. Sousa TJ, Monteiro V, Fernandes JA, et al. New perspectives for vehicle-to-vehicle (v2v) power transfer/ in IECON 2018-44th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE, 2018, pp. 5183–5188.

31. Koufakis A.-M., Rigas E.S., Bassiliades N., et al. Towards an optimal ev charging scheduling scheme with v2g and v2v energy transfer /in 2016 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm). IEEE. 2016, pp. 302–307.

32. Mazidi M, Abbaspour A, Fotuhi M, et al. Optimal allocation of phev parking lots to minimize distribution system losses, in 2015 IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech. IEEE, 2015, pp. 1–6.

33. Schroeder A. and Traber T. The economics of fast charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. Energy Policy. 2012;43:136–144.

34. S. Huang, LHe, Gu KY., Wood, et al. Design of a mobile charging service for electric vehicles in an urban environment. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. 2014;16(2):787–798.

35. Dane BJ, McFarlane, Matt Prorok, et al. Analytical white paper: Overcoming barriers to expanding fast charging infrastructure in the midcontinent region, 2019.

36. Shenzhen. The White Book of Charging Piles Deployment and Adopt in Shenzhen at 2017, (accessed Nov 28, 2019). Available: http://powerlife.com.cn/

37. Badawy MO., Arafat MN, A. Ahmed S, et al. Design and implementation of a 75-kw mobile charging system for electric vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. 2015;52(1):369–377.

38. Yu Z, Zhang M, and Yang J. Design of energy management systems for mobile power station of electric vehicles in 2009 International Conference on Information Management. 2009;4: 250– 253.

39. Mou X, Zhao R, and Gladwin DT. Vehicle-to-vehicle charging system fundamental and design comparison in IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT), 2019, pp. 1628–1633.

40. Wang M, Ismail M, Zhang R, et al. Spatio-temporal coordinated v2v energy swapping strategy for mobile pevs. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid. 2016;9(3):1566–1579.

41. Li G, Sun Q, Boukhatem L, Wu J, et al. Intelligent vehicle-tovehicle charging navigation for mobile electric vehicles via vanet-based communication. IEEE Access.2019;7:170-888.

42. Sawers P. FreeWire raises $15 million to expand portable charging technology for electric vehicles, 2018. Available: https://venturebeat.com/2018/12/04/freewire-raises-15-millionto-expand-portable-charging-technology-for-electric-vehicles. Accessed Nov 28, 2019.

43. Beck P. FreeWire deploys battery systems to increase the scalability of EV infrastructure. 2018. accessed Nov 28, 2019. Available: https://chargedevs.com/features/freewiredeploysbattery-sytems-to-increase-the-scalability-of-ev-infrastructure

44. S.-N. Yang, H.-W. Wang, C.-H. Gan, and Y.-B. Lin. Mobile charging station service in smart grid networks. in 2012 IEEE Third International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm). IEEE, 2012, pp. 412–417.

45. F. Chen, Z. Zhao, G. Min, et al. Speedcontrol of mobile chargers serving wireless rechargeable networks. Future Generation Computer Systems. 2018;80:242–249.

46. Li Z., Sahinoglu Z., Tao Z. Electric vehicles network with nomadic portable charging stations. in 2010 IEEE 72nd Vehicular Technology Conference. IEEE, 2010, pp. 1–5.

47. Kedia RK. and Naick BK. Review of vehicle route optimization. in 2017 2nd IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Engineering (ICITE). IEEE. 2017, pp. 57–61.

48. Shao S, Guan W, and Bi J. Electric vehicle-routing problem with charging demands and energy consumption. IET Intelligent Transport Systems. 2017;12(3):202–212.

49. Francis S. Top 20 electric vehicle charging station companies. 2019. Available: https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2019/05/01/top-20-electric-vehiclecharging-stationcompanies/22138/.(accessed Nov 28, 2019)

50. Lambert F. Nio is courting tesla owners with mobile charging stations inside electric vans. 2018. https://electrek.co/2018/07/26/nio-courting-tesla-owners-mobilecharging-stationselectric-vans. (accessed Nov 28, 2019).

51. Lambert F. Tesla deploys new mobile supercharger powered by megapack. Available at https://electrek.co/2019/11/29/tesla-mobile-supercharger-megapack/.(accessed Nov 28, 2019),