Биодизельное топливо. Часть I. Способы получения

ЦЕЛЬ. Представленная работа ставит перед собой цель анализа реалий и перспектив использования рабочих сред при получении биодизельного топлива, включающих в себя сверхкритическое флюидное состояние. МЕТОДЫ. Рассмотрены методы получения биодизельного топлива, включающие в себя метод переэтерификации, как наиболее распространенный, а также методы пиролиза и совместного процесса гидролиза и этерификации. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Рассмотрены традиционные (промышленно используемые способы получения биодизельного топлива), а также способы с участием сверхкритических флюидных сред в своей основе. Наряду с описанием состояния дел по обсуждаемой проблематике в мире приводятся и результаты собственных исследований, реализованных авторским коллективом настоящей статьи. Обращено внимание на перспективность ультразвукового эмульгирования реакционной смеси и использования гетерогенных катализаторов в целях смягчения сверхкритических флюидных условий осуществления процесса получения биодизельного топлива и энергосбережения. Обсуждены также условия получения биодизельного топлива без свободного глицерина и преобразования его в топливную составляющую. ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Переэтерификация, осуществляемая в сверхкритических флюидных условиях, предоставляет значимые преимущества в сопоставлении с традиционным процессом и, особенно, в части возможности использования разнообразного и, в том числе, низкокачественного сырья, облегчает процедуру выделения конечного продукта и, наконец, делает возможным переход от относительно маломасштабных реализаций с реакторами периодического действия к высокопроизводительным установкам с проточными реакторами.

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