Modern hydrogen energy storage technologies in stationary systems: efficiency and safety

RELEVANCE. Hydrogen possesses an exceptional ability to store energy. Safe and efficient hydrogen storage determines the practical use of this gas as fuel and represents an urgent problem requiring detailed investigation. AIM. To review modern stationary hydrogen energy storage technologies, analyze recent global trends and developments in this field, identify factors contributing to improved efficiency and safety of hydrogen storage systems at hydrogen refueling stations, and investigate thermodynamics and kinetics of stationary hydrogen energy storage. METHODS. Based on literature data analysis, thermodynamic calculations of energy capacity and safety assessment of hydrogen storage systems, as well as kinetic analysis of relevant processes. RESULTS. Research in the field of stationary hydrogen energy storage has been systematized, technology development trends identified, and main technical characteristics of stationary hydrogen storage described. Thermodynamic calculations have been performed to evaluate storage technology efficiency. CONCLUSION. Significant progress in safe hydrogen storage has been identified, driven by advancements in hydrogen technologies and the development of new hydrogen storage materials. Investigation of thermodynamic and kinetic aspects has shown that optimizing these parameters significantly improves efficiency and reliability of stationary hydrogen storage systems.

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