RELEVANCE. The development of oil refining processes, the emergence of alternative fuels for diesel engines, and their high operational importance determine the objective need to control the propensity of diesel engines to form carbon deposits.

PURPOSE. Scientific substantiation and development of a highly informative control method that provides reliable information about the propensity of diesel fuels to form carbon deposits when used in modern diesel engines.

METHODS. The developed method is implemented on the basis of a single-cylinder diesel engine with a variable compression ratio and a divided combustion chamber, designed to determine the cetane numbers of diesel fuels. The essence of the method is to determine the mass of carbon deposits formed on the evaluation element, additionally installed in the pre-chamber, when the engine is operating with a compression ratio of 18.0 units. within 5 minutes, with the calculation of the "carbonation coefficient", which characterizes the level of propensity of the test fuel to carbonation in relation to the control fuel, which has the lowest possible value of this property.

RESULTS. The sensitivity of the developed method to changes in the component and hydrocarbon composition of fuel has been experimentally confirmed. The value of the carbonation coefficient increases as the content of aromatic hydrocarbons increases and the fractional composition of diesel fuel becomes heavier. The calculation of similarity criteria and the experimentally established correlation between the results of fuel tests on a single-cylinder diesel engine IDT-90 with a divided combustion chamber and in conditions of a full-size diesel engine D-245.12C with an undivided combustion chamber, prove the adequacy and reliability of the results obtained by the developed method.

CONCLUSION. Since 2022, the method has been used in conducting laboratory and bench tests of new and upgraded brands of diesel fuels to control their tendency to carbonation.

The growing number of production wells in permafrost regions calls for enhanced monitoring of thermal impacts on frozen ground. Thawing leads to loss of bearing capacity, wellbore deformation, and cavity formation, resulting in environmental risks, accidents, and economic losses. Consequently, monitoring and control of production wells in permafrost conditions have become particularly important.

AIM. This study aims to develop a criteria-based method for controlling production wells by calculating and monitoring the linear heat flow and temperature parameters of the well.

METHODS. The algorithm and the decision-making protocol were developed, including a criterion for the relative deviation between actual and calculated wellbore wall temperatures, as well as a safety criterion related to the phase transition of permafrost. The applicability of the proposed method is demonstrated using a model well. Practical recommendations for data analysis and managerial decision-making are provided.

RESULTS. The criteria-based method for production well control has been developed, based on calculating the linear heat flow of the well, monitoring temperature parameters, and analyzing deviations between actual and calculated parameters.

The paper addresses the issue of inrush current limitation in LED drivers, which is an important task for modern LED systems. The focus is on the application of an adapted classical inrush current limiting scheme using a time relay and a limiting resistor for use in LED drivers. The proposed circuit includes a transformer, a diode bridge, a voltage regulator, capacitors, an NE555P timer IC, and a relay for controlling resistor R2. The paper also provides a literature review of modern inrush current limiting methods, such as thermistors and MOSFET circuits, with an analysis of their advantages and disadvantages. For the study, five models of LED drivers with a power rating of 36 W and a voltage of 12 V were selected. Current values were measured using the FNIRSI-2C23T oscilloscope, which allowed the changes in inrush current to be recorded. Measurement errors due to the oscilloscope, measurement probe, and current-sensing shunt were evaluated. The experimental results demonstrated a reduction in inrush current when using the proposed circuit. The calculations for determining the limiting resistor's nominal value and assessing power losses took into account the necessary parameters, confirming the correctness of the circuit choice. Possible ways to improve the circuit were also discussed, including the use of transformerless electromagnetic relay control to further optimize the device.

RELEVANCE of the study lies in the need to improve the reliability of medium-voltage distribution networks and the implementation of advanced insulation condition diagnostics based on the analysis of transient process signals (TPS).

THE PURPOSE. To develop an algorithm for automatic detection and filtering of partial discharge (PD) signals in transient process oscillograms for further diagnostics of insulation condition.

METHODS. The proposed algorithm combines median filtering, threshold detection based on the median absolute deviation (MAD), correlation matching with a template library, and local verification of pulse prominence. An exclusion map is integrated into the algorithm to ensure correct removal of PD pulses while preserving the transient process waveform.

SCIENTIFIC NOVELTY consists in integrating filtering methods, adaptive threshold detection, and template matching within a unified algorithm for processing TPS, which enables separation of PD pulses from the main signal.

RESULTS. Experimental testing on real oscillograms demonstrated the high sensitivity of the algorithm to short-duration PD pulses, its robustness to noise, and the correct identification of isolated outliers. Diagnostic features were extracted from the processed data, including the number and average amplitude of PD pulses.

PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE. Oscillograms recorded by traveling-wave fault location (TWFL) systems are formed during scheduled and emergency switching operations in the network, which are accompanied by switching overvoltages. These overvoltages can initiate PD in weakened high-voltage insulation, appearing as short-duration pulses. The proposed algorithm enables extraction of these pulses and thereby allows the already available TWFL measurements to be used for insulation condition diagnostics without installing additional equipment.

CONCLUSION. The developed algorithm enables efficient detection of partial discharges and the formation of quantitative indicators for indirect assessment of insulation condition. Future work includes expanding the experimental database and implementing intelligent methods for predicting insulation degradation, which will enhance the reliability of medium-voltage distribution networks.

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the existing methods of quality control of electrical energy in low-voltage electric networks make it possible to assess the influence of only the higher harmonics of electric receivers of various types on the parameters of electricity without taking into account their load current of the main harmonic. The purpose of the study is to develop a universal method for assessing the level of total load on local power grids of various electric energy receivers from the full range of harmonic current components and monitoring their compliance with regulatory requirements with a high level of reliability and information content of the results obtained. Methods of induction, comparison of experimental results, evaluation of various electrical appliances, and correlation analysis were used to achieve these goals. The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of current indicators and emission standards of harmonic current components of electric receivers, the degree of their reliability, and the disadvantages of current control methods. The necessity of introducing a new criterion for assessing the total full load of electrical appliances on local networks is substantiated. The definition of the total harmonic current, referred to in foreign literature as THC, has been expanded, reflecting the total total load on electrical networks of electric current of the fundamental frequency and higher harmonics. The terms "total harmonic current coefficient" and "total harmonic current density" are introduced. Based on the results of the experiments, a comparative analysis was made of the level of influence on local power grids of the total load created by electric receivers of various types in terms of the magnitude of the nonlinear distortion coefficient of the load current K_I, referred to in foreign publications as THD_I, the level of higher harmonics in named units and the coefficient of total harmonic current using the example of lighting devices. The greatest reliability of the assessment of the influence of electrical appliances on power grids by the coefficient of total harmonic current of various types of electric receivers is substantiated. The thesis that the use of this indicator makes it possible to determine not only the degree of non-linearity of electrical appliances and their compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents, but also to assess the level of full load on local power grids has been confirmed by calculation and experimentation.

RELEVANCE of the research lies in the need to identify a more accurate and stable sensorless vector control system for a brushless direct current motor for applications in electric drives where mass and dimensional indicators or the provision of a high degree of housing hermeticity are critically important.

OBJECTIVE. To perform a comparative analysis of the dynamic characteristics and robustness of two types of observers, namely a full-order Luenberger observer and a sliding mode observer, with a sensorless vector control system for a brushless direct current motor to identify a more accurate and stable control system.

METHODS. This work was carried out using mathematical modeling methods in the SimInTech environment. A complete dynamic model of the electric drive control system was developed, observer submodels and commutation tables were implemented, and all features of observer synthesis and speed calculation based on back-EMF force were described in detail. Testing was conducted in two modes: acceleration to the nominal rotation speed followed by load application, and an increase in stator resistance by 30%.

RESULTS. The research established that while both observers ensure the fundamental operability of the system, they possess different sensitivities to parameter variations. The Luenberger observer demonstrated higher accuracy in average speed estimation under parameter drift conditions compared to the sliding mode observer, despite the presence of high-frequency ripples in the signal. The sliding mode observer exhibited lower robustness to changes in stator resistance, which resulted in an increase in the steady-state error and the emergence of a pronounced chattering effect. It was revealed that the application of a blind start for these observers is not applicable and leads to torque spikes during the motor acceleration period.

CONCLUSION. Recommendations were formulated for selecting control strategies for various operating conditions of electric drives. The research results can be applied in the development of electric drives where mass and dimensional indicators or the provision of a high degree of housing hermeticity are critically important, such as traction motors for unmanned aerial vehicles or high-precision industrial manipulators.

RELEVANCE. Gas-piston electric units with synchronous generators with excitation from permanent magnets are widely used in the oil industry and in small distributed power engineering. Continuous technical diagnostics are an effective means of increasing their operational readiness and reliability. The article examines the use of correlation dependencies of diagnostic features to increase the reliability of multiphysical diagnosis.

THE PURPOSE. To consider the possibility of reliable classification of defects in gas-piston electric units with synchronous generators with excitation from permanent magnets based on the analysis of correlation coefficients between vibration, voltage and magnetic flux. To investigate the use of the correlation approach as part of the digital shadow machine for integration into a single system of multiphysical diagnostics.

METHODS. When solving this problem, mathematical modeling methods were used using Google Colab, PlantUML computer software packages, and object-oriented programming using the Python programming language.

RESULTS. Experimental testing of the use of the correlation approach as part of the digital shadow on reference and real data confirmed the high sensitivity of the system to detect both single and combined faults. It has been established that this approach provides early diagnosis and increases the reliability of maintenance decisions.

CONCLUSION. The combined accounting of spectral and correlation characteristics within the digital shadow ensures strict, physically interpretable and statistically stable fault identification, which is confirmed by both computational experiments and empirical studies. This approach provides high sensitivity to complex failures. The results obtained confirm the expediency of using correlation analysis as a key element in the architecture of digital shadows and doppelgangers of multi-signal energy facilities.

RELEVANCE of the study is to obtain new experimental data to improve the reliability of electrical equipment diagnostics using partial discharge (PD) measurements.

THE PURPOSE. To determine the characteristics of partial discharges occurring within a single air defect located in a solid insulation.

METHODS. To achieve this objective, high-voltage techniques were used to generate and experimentally measure high voltages that cause PDs in gas defects in construction. The field strength in gas defects in solid connections was calculated using the finite element method in COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0. Electrical circuit modeling in MultiSim, along with methods, capabilities, and statistics, were used to process the measurement results.

RESULTS. This article presents a methodology for measuring the parameters of only those partial discharges (PDs) that occur within a single air-filled insulation defect using the contact electrical method. The electric field non-uniformity coefficient was calculated using the finite element method for samples with gas defects of varying sizes. Modeling in Multisim software was used to determine the phase shift angle between the current and voltage in the cell during PD measurements. For a measuring cell in which the electrodes are shaped like a spherical segment with a radius of 25 mm, the expected PD parameters were calculated depending on the insulation defect sizes. It was experimentally demonstrated that PDs in a sample with a single gas defect occur only twice per period of a sinusoidal industrial frequency voltage in the first and third quarters, with the electric field strength inside the defect having the same absolute value. No effect of the space charge generated in the defect cavity during each PD on the subsequent PD occurring halfway through the sine wave period was observed. No changes in the PD initiation voltage (Upd), pulse repetition rate, or PD amplitude were observed when the samples were held under a voltage of U~1.5*Upd for 400 hours. No signs of insulation degradation in the defect cavity walls were detected during this period.

RELEVANCE of the study is determined by the need to evaluate and analyze the effectiveness of implementing an automatic emergency response system to ensure energy security in the Western power district of Yakutia, which was isolated from the unified energy system of Siberia and the East until January 2019. The isolated regions of Yakutia had surplus power generated by hydroelectric power plants, thermal power plants, and diesel generators, which remained locked within them. After the unification of the power districts and the connection of Yakutia with the unified energy systems of Siberia and the East, problems arose in the area of energy security and the further development of energy systems.

THE PURPOSE. To analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of using automatic emergency response systems to ensure energy security in the Western power district of Yakutia.

METHODS. To achieve the goal and objectives, methods were used to calculate the static and dynamic stability of the power system, mathematical modeling of generating equipment, calculation and assessment of the maximum permissible energy flows in controlled sections, etc.

RESULTS. The external connections of Yakutia's electric power system with other Russian energy systems were described. The results of static and dynamic stability calculations and mathematical modeling were analyzed. An analysis of the results of calculations of the electrical modes of Yakutia's Western energy district was presented. Conclusions were drawn regarding power distribution from the Western energy district to the integrated energy systems of Siberia and the East. Technical solutions for local emergency control devices were selected. Recommendations for the use of automatic load shedding devices during power overloads were formulated.

CONCLUSION. The work identified the operational challenges of Yakutia's Western energy district. The potential for a multiplier effect from the implementation of emergency control devices was identified, which will stabilize the increase in power flows to energy-deficient regions, taking into account the Western energy district's resources of approximately 100 MW.

RELEVANCE of the study is due to the need to intensify heat transfer in phase change heat accumulators (PCHA) based on paraffinic heat storage materials. Low thermal conductivity of paraffins (0.15–0.30 W/(m·K)) This leads to an unacceptably long battery charging time. Transverse finning is one of the most technologically advanced passive intensification methods, however, there are no clear recommendations in the literature on choosing the optimal number of ribs for the cylindrical geometry of accumulator.

THE PURPOSE. experimental determination of the optimal number of transverse ribs of a cylindrical PCHA with a paraffin heat storage material, which ensures a minimum charging time while maintaining a sufficient useful volume.

METHODS. The research was carried out on a transparent cylindrical PCHA model with a copper tubular heat exchanger and transverse fins. Three configurations have been tested: with 6, 8 and 10 ribs. The melting process was recorded using optical imaging followed by digital image processing in MATLAB using an adaptive threshold algorithm. Four repeated experiments were performed for each configuration.

RESULTS. It was found that the melting process is characterized by three stages: heating of solid paraffin (0-60 min, average rate of 0.22%/min), intensive melting with developed natural convection (60-180 min, 0.55%/min) and the final stage (180-220 min, 0.26%/min). The 10-rib configuration provides the shortest time to reach 50% of the melt (127.8 minutes), however, the time to reach 80% of the melt is practically the same as the 8-rib configuration (162.0 and 162.7 minutes, respectively). The maximum peak melting rate is demonstrated by the configuration with 8 fins — 1.52%/min, which is 55% higher than that of 6 fins.

CONCLUSION. According to a set of criteria (charging time, peak melting rate, material consumption, useful volume), the configuration with 8 transverse ribs is considered optimal. Increasing the number of ribs to 10 does not lead to a further reduction in charging time due to partial suppression of natural convection in narrow intercostal channels (intercostal distance 15-17 mm). The results obtained can be used in the design of cylindrical PCHA for hot water supply systems, as well as for verification of numerical models.

THE PURPOSE: The relevance of the research lies in the development of technical measures to increase the reliability (duration) of the fluidized bed material during the combustion of sewage sludge and crusty wood fuel.

PURPOSE: To consider the main problem (fluidized bed agglomeration) affecting the reliability and duration of operation of a fluidized bed boiler. Е -75-3,9-440 DFT. To test routine measures aimed at increasing the reliability and duration of operation of the fluidized bed boiler E-75-3,9-440 DFT.

METHODS: Samples of bottom ash and agglomerates were taken throughout the entire period of operation of the fluidized bed. The sampling of crusty wood fuel and sewage sludge was carried out from the fuel supply path of the boiler unit E-75-3,9-440 DFT. A Retzsch RM 200 ball drum mill and a Retzsch AS 200 Control sieve analyzer were used in sample preparation. The elemental analysis of crusty wood fuel, sewage sludge and bottom ash was carried out using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy on an EDX-8000 spectrometer. Tests of routine measures were carried out throughout the entire service life of the bed material until it was completely replaced. results: The research results have shown that during combustion, alkaline compounds accumulate in the fluidized bed material, intensifying agglomeration processes. Routine measures such as increasing the rate of liquefaction of the layer and lowering the temperature of the bed increase the service life of the layer material, but do not exclude the agglomeration process.

The article provides a quantitative assessment of the impact of diagnostics on the reliability of pipelines of heating networks.

RELEVANCE. The energy and economic efficiency of the entire heat supply system depend on the reliable operation of pipeline networks. However, the impact of diagnostics of heating networks on quantitative indicators of their reliability remains insufficiently studied. purpose.

OBJECT. The aim of the work is to quantify the impact of diagnostic monitoring on the reliability of pipelines of heating networks.

METHODS. The calculations were performed using an exponential reliability model. Scenario modeling was carried out for pipelines of thermal networks in Kazan, taking into account various levels of diagnostic efficiency. results.

RESULTS. The dependences of the probability of trouble-free operation and the service life of Kazan pipelines during diagnostics with different probability of detection of defects are obtained. It is shown that the introduction of diagnostics with high efficiency of defect detection can reduce accidents by 70%, and increase the service life of pipelines by more than 3 times. A technical and economic assessment of the effectiveness of the implementation of diagnostics has been carried out.

CONCLUSION. Regular monitoring of the technical condition leads to a significant reduction in the failure rate and an increase in the service life of pipelines. The economic effect of using diagnostic tools with average efficiency will be about 34 million rubles/year, and with high efficiency – 71 million rubles/year.

PURPOSE. Experimental study and comparison of operating parameters of power boilers during fuel oil combustion under pressurization versus draft conditions to increase fuel oil utilization efficiency (boiler efficiency improvement) and reduce hazardous nitrogen oxide emissions.

METHODS. The study involved full-scale experimental testing on industrial boilers TGM-84B and TGME-464. The boiler efficiency was evaluated using the heat-loss (indirect) balance method. To verify the results, an integrated set of interrelated methods was applied, including gas analysis of nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon oxide emissions, optical flame pyrometry, and a comparative analysis of the auxiliary energy consumption of draft fans and blowers.

RESULTS. Fuel oil combustion is characterized by high temperatures in the flame core and elevated nitrogen oxide emissions, while the necessity to protect downstream heating surfaces from sulfuric acid corrosion requires maintaining a higher flue gas temperature, which reduces boiler efficiency compared to gas-fired operation. One method to enhance fuel oil utilization efficiency is its combustion in pressurized boilers, where positive air pressure is maintained inside a gas-tight furnace, completely eliminating cold air infiltration through the casing defects. In pressurized boilers, the evacuation of combustion products occurs due to the overpressure in the furnace chamber and the natural draft of the stack.

CONCLUSION. As a result of the experimental study of M100 fuel oil combustion in the TGME-464 boiler under pressurization and in the TGM-84B boiler under draft conditions, an increase in boiler efficiency by 0,33% and a reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions were obtained. The specific electricity consumption for forced and induced draft under pressurization is two times lower than under draft conditions.

RELEVANCE of the study lies in increasing the service life of heat exchange equipment by preventing scale formation and corrosion through the use of surfactants, whose mechanism of influence on the elemental composition of deposits has been insufficiently studied.

AIM. To investigate the elemental composition of deposits on the finned surface of a heat exchanger after chemical cleaning with nonionic surfactants. To determine the optimal residual concentration of the reagent for inhibiting scale formation and forming a protective film.

METHODS. Experiments were carried out on an experimental cell made of steel (grade 45KhN) under conditions maintaining a residual surfactant concentration. Elemental analysis was performed using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry on a portable «MetExpert» analyzer without destroying the samples.

RESULTS. The dominance of iron (96.8–97.2 wt. %) in the deposit structure was established, with calcium salts and sulfates practically absent. A high uniformity in the distribution of ironcontaining phases across three measurement points was confirmed. The formation of a protective oxide film instead of mineral scale was revealed.

CONCLUSION. The use of an optimal surfactant concentration allows minimizing the drop in heat flux and predicting an increase in the equipment's maintenance interval by 20–40%. Stabilization of the deposit composition reduces the risk of localized corrosion and enhances the industrial safety of thermal power installations.

RELEVANCE. In the context of the transition to low-carbon energy, non-traditional renewable energy sources are increasingly being considered, including alternative types of gaseous fuels (methane-hydrogen fractions, producer gases, and process gases). The limited application of such fuels in the energy sector, particularly in gas turbine units (GTUs), is associated with the physicochemical properties of these alternative fuel gases, which affect the combustion process in the GTU combustion chamber as well as the efficiency of electricity generation. Approaches to addressing the challenges related to combustion in gas turbine units include blending such fuels with natural gas or adding hydrogen, depending on their initial composition and calorific value.

THE PURPOSE. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of various fuel gas compositions on the operational characteristics of a gas turbine unit, and to compare these characteristics in order to determine the feasibility of implementing the proposed solution into practice.

METHODS. To achieve this objective, mathematical modeling of the Taurus 60-7901S gas turbine unit under various operating conditions was performed using an automated system for gas-dynamic calculations of power turbomachinery (AS GRET).

RESULTS. The Taurus 60-7901S gas turbine unit, when operating at baseline and variable modes with natural gas combustion, generates power with an efficiency (η) ranging from 28– 31%, depending on the operating mode, with a fuel consumption of 1400–1700 kg/h and a power output of 10 MW. When switching to biogas, both efficiency and thermal power decrease to 26–29% and 9 MW, respectively, while fuel consumption increases to 3200–3400 kg/h. Adding hydrogen to biogas improves its combustion efficiency in the gas turbine unit: efficiency increases to 27–30%, thermal power to 9.2 MW, and fuel consumption decreases to 2700–3000 kg/h. Blending natural gas with biogas yields an even more pronounced improvement: efficiency rises to 28.5–30.5%, thermal power reaches 9.8 MW, and fuel consumption drops to 1600–1900 kg/h.

CONCLUSION. Changing the composition of the fuel gas burned in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine plant significantly affects the performance of the plant. Alternative energy sources do not have sufficient thermal characteristics to provide performance similar to that of natural gas, but creating fuel mixtures with hydrogen or natural gas can reduce the negative effects of the transition. The study found that burning a mixture of biogas and natural gas in a 75/25 ratio is the most effective.

The relevance of the study is determined by the need to improve the reliability and efficiency of passive thermal control systems for spacecraft, where the absence of convection and microgravity make traditional cooling methods inapplicable.

OBJECTIVE. To develop a parametric model of the ordered porous structure of the wick, calculate the hydraulic characteristics—porosity, permeability, hydraulic diameter, capillary pressure, flow velocity, and Reynolds number—and determine the limitations on the heat pipe length for given geometric parameters.

METHODS. The study utilized methods of geometric modeling of a single cell in a CAD environment and analytical calculations based on the Darcy equations, capillary pressure, and hydraulic diameter. Water at a temperature of 50 °C was adopted as the coolant.

RESULTS. The porosity of the structure was shown to remain constant (≈0.63) upon scaling, while permeability and hydraulic diameter increase with increasing cell size. The flow pattern is found to be laminar (Re ≈ 89). Capillary pressure and maximum pipe length are plotted as functions of hydraulic diameter.

CONCLUSION. The performance of heat pipes with ordered wicks is primarily limited by the tradeoff between capillary pressure (favorable for small pores) and flow resistance (favorable for large pores). The developed analytical model enables the prediction of thermal-hydraulic behavior at the design stage. These results support the feasibility of additive manufacturing for next-generation spacecraft thermal control systems, particularly for long-duration missions where reliability and predictability are paramount. Specific application areas include CubeSats (5–50 W), ISS systems (70–100 kW), and lunar/Martian bases (5–50 kW). Future research should experimentally validate prototype designs.

THE RELEVANCE. Peat is a promising renewable energy source; however, its thermal processing is associated with unstable combustible gas emissions and the risk of uncontrolled oxidation. Furthermore, drained peat lands serve as a source of greenhouse gases (methane, carbon dioxide), requiring the development of methods for controlling the gas evolution process.

THE PURPOSE To develop and numerically implement a mathematical model of peat thermal decomposition that takes into account biological methanogenesis, the death of methanogenic bacteria, the pyrolysis stages, and the introduction of an inhibitor to suppress undesirable oxidation reactions.

METHODS. The model is based on a system of differential equations for heat and mass transfer in a two-temperature porous medium. Pyrolysis kinetics are described using the Friedman method and the Kissinger equation. A modified Arrhenius equation and the Gompertz sigmoidal model are used to describe the biological stage. Experimental verification was carried out on peat samples from the Lyuk-Kolen-Egan deposit, determining moisture content, ash content, and mass loss upon heating to 800°C.

RESULTS. The temperature ranges of the main stages were determined: drying (20-150°C), bacterial death and methane release (70-110°C), decomposition of hemicellulose and cellulose (200-450°C), and coke carbonization (>500°C). The introduction of an inhibitor at 300°C helps suppress oxidation, which is confirmed by stabilization of the kinetic parameters. The discrepancy between the calculated and experimental data for mass loss does not exceed 5%.

CONCLUSION. The developed model adequately describes the process of thermal destruction of peat and can be used to optimize pyrolysis modes in order to increase the yield of combustible gases and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

RELEVANCE of the study lies in the automation of manipulation operations involving complex-shaped objects in industrial production, which remains an important task in modern robotics. In many practical applications, objects are located on the working surface of a robotic system without overlapping but may have arbitrary orientations, which significantly complicates their automatic identification and the determination of grasp coordinates for a robotic manipulator. Although three-dimensional machine vision systems can solve this problem, they usually require RGB-D cameras and high-performance computing hardware, which significantly increases the cost and complexity of robotic systems. Therefore, the development of efficient methods capable of solving this task using only a monocular camera remains relevant.

THE PURPOSE of the study is to develop and experimentally investigate a method for automatic identification of complex-shaped objects and determination of their grasp coordinates by a robotic manipulator using a machine vision system equipped with a single monocular camera.

METHODS. Object recognition in digital images is performed using a convolutional neural network based on the YOLOv8 architecture, which allows detection of objects and estimation of their orientation on the working surface. The grasp coordinates are determined by analyzing the bounding box of the detected object and applying an experimentally determined offset of the grasp point relative to the geometric center of the object.

RESULTS. Experimental evaluation was carried out using chess pieces of different shapes and colors as test objects. The object detection confidence was not lower than 0.9, while the processing time of a single image was less than 56 ms, which ensures real-time operation.

CONCLUSIONS. The proposed method enables automatic identification of complex-shaped objects and stable determination of their grasp coordinates using only a single monocular camera without expensive three-dimensional sensors.