Обзор современных методов защиты и диагностики состояния интеллектуальных систем электроснабжения

Актуальность исследования заключается в развитии интеллектуальных систем электроснабжения (ИСЭ), что подразумевает совершенствование существующих, внедрение и совершенствование современных защит, систем диагностики, мониторинга элементов высоковольтного электрооборудования (ВЭ).

Цель. Рассмотреть современные, а также пути развития и возможности интеграции систем защиты и диагностики кабельно-воздушных линий (КВЛ) ИСЭ.

Методы. При решении поставленной задачи был проведен сравнительный анализ причин, которые приводят к срабатыванию защит КВЛ ИСЭ, недостатки защит и возможные пути их совершенствования. Были проанализированы современное состояние защит, диагностики, мониторинга КВЛ ИСЭ и пути их развития. В том числе рассмотрены перспективные методы диагностики изоляции, муфтовых соединений кабельных линий (КЛ) по характеристикам частичных разрядов (ЧР), скруток воздушных линий (ВЛ) по данным тепловизионного обследования.

Результаты. В статье был проведен обзор существующих защит и систем диагностики элементов КВЛ ИСЭ высокого и среднего классов напряжения. Рассмотрены актуальные вопросы развития защит ИСЭ в том числе распределенной генерации в состав которых входят генераторы возобновляемых источников электроэнергии (ВИЭ) для того, чтобы обеспечить бесперебойную поставку электроэнергии потребителям в системах распределенной генерации. Рассмотрены актуальные вопросы развития современных методов диагностики КВЛ до уровня систем мониторинга в том числе с применением методов тепловизионного обследования, диэлектрической импедансной спектроскопии (ИС), метода ЧР.

Заключение. Развитие ИСЭ будет актуальной задачей еще длительное время. Наиболее перспективными защитами ИСЭ будут адаптивные защиты с применением искусственных нейронных сетей (ИНС), в которые будут интегриро ваны наиболее современные математические алгоритмы и методы диагностики, в первую очередь технологии «умных сетей» (Smart Grids), технология микросетей (Microgrids), метод независимых компонент (МНК), ЧР, тепловизионного обследования, электрической импедансной спектроскопии (ИС), диэлектрической спектроскопии (ДС).

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