It is shown that the main benefits of use of an energy potential of combined heat and power plant to utilization of snow is the economy of fuel due to increase of size of specific power generation on thermal consumption, and also reducing fuel consumption on snow transportation by motor transport. New technologies of use of low-potential sources of warmth on thermal power plants for snow utilization are offered. Comparative cost effectiveness analysis of developed technologies is made.

The paper proposes a technological scheme of the combined mini-TPP on the basis of gas-piston installation and a steam turbine, which may be required as part of the local or distributed power systems. It is shown that such a mini-TPP can be made in a modular layout, and its efficiency is not less than 50%, even without taking into account the optimization of thermodynamic, structural and circuit design and layout options. It is shown that the cost of production at a combined mini-TPP on ~8% lower than the installation of gas piston when working separately.

Electric power industry is under transition to intellectual energy system worldwide. There are three processes in this one: liberalization, development of renewable energy sources and distributed energy sources, development of smart grids. General conclusions of the theory of reform are confirmed in the transformation of electric power system. At the same time there are additional difficulties, for example due to overinvestment in the power generation capacities. Also the transition processes in the world economy and global energy are important. The process of electric power transformation is very difficult and each country has a lot of problems in its realization. Russia’s case is one of the hardest due to specific domestic conditions and problems and also due to external circumstances.

Energy hydroelectric works depends on the quality of the energy equipment. Increasing the energy efficiency of our dictates that the coordinate system in which we now live and work: it is the wholesale market (electricity and capacity market), ranking the company as OJSC, the Federal Law on energy efficiency and energy saving, tax on used resources (water), environmental and other regulatory authorities. The higher efficiency of the production of electricity and power, the greater the energy efficiency work and SG, respectively, according to the owner of a successful company manufacturing complex. Rate energy efficiency of production can use the power tests. Energy test carried out absolute and index methods. Absolute method involves determining the actual values of efficiency. If the index is determined by the index method, or the relative importance of efficiency, ie, the degree of variability of power efficiency. When testing used GOST 28842-90 and International rules of field acceptance tests to determine the hydraulic characteristics of turbines, accumulating pumps and reversible turbines. According to the results of tests based operational characteristics of the hydraulic unit, which indicated the actual efficiency values in absolute units. During power tests specified pressure losses in water-supply path. The resulting test charts optimal combinatorial dependencies compared to the recommended by the manufacturer and the actual combinatorial dependencies. At discrepancy of the actual and optimal combinatorial dependencies adjustment made combinatorial communication. For large discrepancies are not fixed in adjustment, change the spatial profile of the cam schemer or produce the reprogramming device defining a combinatorial relationship.

The possibilities of effective use of secondary energy resources, including thermal waste with a temperature below 80°C, as warmth sources for a thermodynamic heat engine cycle by power generation are considered. It is proposed as the working fluid in a heat engine to use liquefied carbon dioxide gas or propane.

Nowadays SF6-insulated circuit breakers are the most widely used breakers for extra high voltage grids. Operational experience has shown that they are incapable of making fast switching of power transmission lines equipped with shunt reactors due to zero-missing phenomena in case the coefficient of line charge capacity compensation is sufficiently high. Though the necessity of development of measures for prevention of breaker damage in overhead lines is quite clear, not enough attention is given to the compensated power cable lines. The problem is considered using the example of330 kV cable line Yuzhnaya -Pulkovskaya.

The distribution networks of the most widespread network loop circuit - closed network, open at one of its nodes. This disconnection point must be selected according to the criterion of minimization the active power losses, electric power and ensure the reliability of power supply. Definition of a rational point for breaking the overhead network, corresponding to the minimum active power losses, is quite a tedious task. In practice, therefore, this point is taken randomly, which leads to considerable losses of active power and voltage. Currently, there are no methods for determining the point of breaking for meshed networks of 10 kV overhead, taking into account the power loss in the lines and the actual value of the voltage, which results in an incorrect definition of the point of rupture. The method of determining the optimum point of breaking meshed network of 10 kV is developed. It is ensuring minimal loss of active power. The validity of the proposed method was checked by the example of several typical 10 kV networks.

Velocity profiles in the heat exchanger for water stream low-frequency asymmetrical with upstream pulsations (LFAUP) were obtained experimentally. Mathematical model for heat transfer modeling with LFAUP in the corridor tube bundle was developed. According to the results of numerical and physical experiments the correlation for the Nusselt number (Nu) with LFAUP for the ranges of Reynolds number 100< Re < 1000, Strouhal number Проблемы энергетики, 2016, № 11-12 0,026 < PSh < 2,6 and 2,6 < Re(pSh) < 260 was obtained. Nondimensional amplitude was 1,25 < p < 4,5.

A water seepage problem through the rectangular earth dam with the presence of a vertical impermeable screen was studied in nonlinear formulation. A finite-difference scheme with a fixed mesh was used for discretization of mathematical equations with a free boundary. The optimal position of the impermeable screen was found for its optimal length, that facilitates minimum losses of water. An analytical solution was developed in implicit form under the Darcy’s law formulation using the fragment’s method. The solution provides a relationship between water flux and a position of the screen.

At present, the power system of the Russian Federation is an active modernization of generator excitation systems. In this connection, there is the problem of choosing the new settings excitation controllers of various types to ensure effective damping of electromechanical oscillations. Various optimization techniques required objective functions, developed on the basis of the root and frequency criteria for evaluation ofparameters of the regulatory process for the proper functioning of the automatic excitation controller for synchronous generator (AEC SG), working in different scheme-regime situations. Produced practical study received AEC SG setup parameters to software and hardware complex RTDS (Real Time Digital Simulator) for program certification tests defined in Standard of System Operator of the Unified Power System. On the basis of performed measurements obtained after simulating different perturbations are determined optimal settings. It is considered the most sensitive and rapid methods for their production, based on a direct and more complex mathematical methods. The identified high-speed methods of search of optimal AEC SG parameters allow at changing grid settings to calculate values for the coefficients and time constants and thus in case of electromechanical oscillations to provide effective damping.

Improving the energy efficiency of vehicles is an essential feature of scientific and technical progress. One means of increasing the energy efficiency of transport is the introduction of electric drive with multiphase induction motors. At the same time multiphase motors are fed by multiphase frequency converters based on voltage source inverters. The number and operating mode of power switches in multiphase frequency converters may differ from the traditionally accepted in the three-phase converter. The article presents a comparative assessment of losses in three phase and 79-phase frequency converters based on the calculation of static and dynamic losses in the switches of voltage source inverters, the output voltage of which is formed under the law of sinusoidal pulse width modulation and the basic law of switching

On the basis of the use of algorithms for forecasting, it becomes possible to set automatic control system with a single parameter - the time of the forecast. Therefore, the predictive algorithms built on the basis of the model laws of regulation may prove to be very promising for real systems of technological process control, especially in the need to accelerate the commissioning of objects, such as distributed generation (DG) plants, working on the basis of synchronous generators with automatic excitation and speed controls (AEC and ASC). The paper presents a methodology of determining the parameters predictive links AEC and ASC and the results of research on the computer model railway power supply systems (RPSS) including in its membership following the DG plants: turbogenerator mini thermoelectric plant, hydro small power plant, wind power plant on the basis of the machine DC and solar power. The results of computer simulation show that the use of predictive units ensures the stability of the generator DG plants at large perturbations in the system without the time consuming procedure of identification of dynamic characteristics and calculation of Проблемы энергетики, 2016, № 11-12 optimal AEC and ASC settings. The proposed method of determining the prognostic regulator parameters can be recommended, if necessary, the operational commissioning of DG plants in railway power supply system.

The use of energy of gas turbine units recognized promising and is becoming more common. The need to improve the efficiency of their operation has led to the urgency of the problem assessment of the current technical condition. One approach to solving this problem is the method of construction of the pivot throttle characteristics (SDH), which found successful application in many power devices and has been improved within modern aviation technologies. The approach to determining the health of gas turbine engine based on the construction of SDH proposed method of increasing the reliability of calculation results. The methodology of trust-building corridors based on the universal modeling algorithm to determine the form and parameters of the distribution law of the experimental data depending on the specific test conditions.

The article analyzes different ways to control the operation of the jet compressor as applied to the heat-scheme of drum dryer considering the impact on the change of heat load of an external consumer. A comparative analysis of methods of regulating the rate of injection of the jet compressor.

Microscopical processes of nuclear spin lattice relaxation in polydispersion ferroelectrics based on differential equation in fractional operationals are investigated. Direct bound between indexis of polydispersion and fractal dimension are established.

This article examines the processes that occur during chemical reactions of combustion, and the distribution in terms of radiant furnace temperature in the heating furnace feedstock and hydrogen-containing gas at facilities hydrotreating vacuum gas oil by burning methane-hydrogen fraction instead of natural gas.

The article deals with the classical solution of the Gibbs paradox, on the basis of which and experimentally verified the facts in the presence of the chemical energy of real gases and gases with properties approaching the ideal gases promoted the calculation of entropy of mixing in two ways ("physical" and "chemical"). As a result, found no discontinuity in the behavior of the value AS (entropy change) in the continuous convergence of parameters describing the mixed gases in the direction of the "ideal" in relation to a change in the entropy of mixing of ideal gases. Also identified as a lack of entropy change upon mixing of the same ideal gas and different ideal gases while maintaining their state of an ideal gas, and after mixing process.