In article considers the main directions of use of peat products and its thermal and chemical processing industry and the energy sector. The analysis of organic peat mass, modeling of molecular structure. The basic structural fragments of the compounds are obtained based on the treatment processes (hydropyrolysis and hydrogenolysis) and the composition obtained by the decomposition products. Industry applications of the products are chosen.

Experience of design and operation of domestic binary geothermal power stations is considered. Features of application of hydrothermal sources in quality of sources of warmth for binary power installations on the low-boiling working mediums on electricity production. It is offered as the low-boiling working medium in binary cycles to use the liquefied carbon dioxide gas or propane.

In work the method of discrete ordinates is applied to the solution of a problem of transfer of radiation in three-dimensional statement. Results with use of S₄-, S₆-, S₈-approximations are received and comparison with data of other authors is carried out them.

At present, there is a tendency to use drugs based on medicinal plants instead of synthetic drugs. And the main advantage is the possibility of using wood waste in the form of bark, leaves and kidneys, since these parts of the trees are waste in production. Studies on the extraction of wood waste have been carried out. On the basis of the data obtained, the hardware design of increased energy efficiency was developed through the use of a heat pump.

The paper reports experimental results on the intensive (fast) cooling of 20 mm steel ball heated to 1000 K when immersing in different coolants in 0.003 m³ glass vessel: tap water, seawater with salt concentration y of about 18 g/l, water solution of NaCl with y~27 g/l. By using the high-speed video recording, we study heat and mass transfer on a surface of the heated ball during the cooling. Experiments allow us to conclude that the film boiling on a surface of the metallic ball is almost excluded when using water solutions of salt as coolants. As a result, a cooling time decreases by 2-4 s as compared to the tap water. In addition, when using water solutions of salt, the temperature balance between steel ball and coolant is reached during a minimum time versus the tap water and seawater.

The present state of diagnostic tools, data transfer and processing allows to create automated system of continuous control of substation equipment based on thermal imagers, permanently installed such as surveillance cameras. There is at least three reasons why such online monitoring systems are used: increasing the reliability of the substation by providing timely identification of emerging defects, improving safety by preventing invasion and reducing costs of equipment condition monitoring. The effectiveness of these systems will be determined by an algorithm incorporated in the program to assess the state of substation objects for thermal images. At this research the technique of detection of of electrical equipment defects on the thermal images by identifying local, medium and RMS values of temperature anomalies at different substation objects. For each piece of equipment set the values of excess or excessive temperatures which is determining the degree of fault. For all substation objects in the generally results tabulated. The developed technique can be considered as the basis of technical specifications for program development for the automated thermal imaging system of electrical substation online monitoring in real time.

The aim of paper is to formulate a problem of energy sources optimal development within the urban heat supply systems development framework. The analysis of the existing approaches ability to solve the problem is performed. The approaches are compared and their adaptation to solve the problem is considered.

Paper show methodic of determine of place of single-phase ground fault with intermittent arc on the overhead power line. The informative signs of single-phase ground fault place are determine by values of voltage of the «resonance» frequencies of zero sequence with measuringby sensors install on the overhead power line and by values of voltage of direct and inverse sequences measuring by sensors install on 0.4 kV side of consumers substations. Place of fault can be calculate by determined values of the voltages of the "resonant" harmonics, measured on consumers substations. Calculation accuracy is limited by parts of power line between consumers substations.

The results of the numerical analysis of thermal regimes and heat loss of the two-channel underground heating networks with using the convective-conductive model of heat transfer are presented. The two-dimensional coupled stationary problem of convective-conductive heat transfer in the system «underground two -channel heat pipeline - environment» is solved. The solution of the problem was obtained by the finite element method with using an uneven finite-element grid. The scales of heat loss and the patterns of heat transfer in the zones of underground two-channel heating networks are established. The possibility of analyzing the heat loss of two-channel heating networks with using of the model and the methodology for calculating the heat loss for single-channel heating networks is shown.

One of the most serious causes of accidents in high-power electric power systems is the formation of ice on the wires of high-voltage transmission lines (HVL). In this case, it should be noted that it is necessary to accurately localize the problematic ice area of a site or defect, since it is often difficult to travel along a high-voltage line. In addition, the effect of dragging the wire from one span to the other (misalignment) is observed on worn-out overhead power transmission lines. To solve the set tasks, there was a method for monitoring ice deposits on the overhead lines based on the mathematical model of the chain line, which makes it possible to determine the current sag and elongation of the wire in the span, the force of its tension, taking into account the misalignment of the wires on the line. Implementation of this technique will allow to detect the appearance of ice deposits on the overhead line, which allows timely implementation of measures to prevent emergency situations on the line (optimization of the melting schedule for ice on the wires).

The article describes the method of quantitative indicators of reliability of functioning of radial diagrams of shop power supply in operation. On the basis of processing statistical data of the simulated change in the probability of uptime switchgear low voltage depending on the number of connections of the load.

Lamps features used in Russia and Euro Union have been studied, as well as their influence on the electric energy quality. The authors substantiate the necessity for conducting analysis of administrative prohibition consequences regarding the production and use of incandescent lamps, their general substitution for the energy saving ones. It has been offered to improve both the incandescent and the energy saving light-emitting-diode lamps.

In the paper described system of automotive control of installation of rotary pump of oil-mining using parameters of oil-well liquid, measured by on-line proton magnetic resonance analyzer. Described theoretical basis of the system and its practical use. Mathematically modeled system tooling tuning) at changing moment of strength from features of oil-well liquid.

The results of experimental studies of solubility of TNT in pure and modified supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) are presented. Studies were carried out in a temperature range of 308.15-333.15 K and pressure interval 10.0-35.0 MPa on circulating type supercritical fluid extraction plant, R-401 produced by "Reaction Engineering Ink. " (South Korea). Experimental solubility data was described using the Peng-Robinson equation of state. The results of SC-CO2 - extraction of TNT from samples of hard burning materials and the efficiency of this process are shown.

Studied the elemental composition of the fuel oil, derived from petroleum different fields; The values of the density, content and total sulphide sulfur and calorific value of the test fuel oil.

Protection of modern sensitive electronics used in power systems (Digital Protective Relays - DPR, control devices and microprocessor-based communication equipment, etc.) against High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP), and also protection of power transformers, is a vital task for today's world. The purpose of this article is to inform civilian specialists in power engineering, in a very simple, short, but illustrative form, about the means of protection of power substations which are now available for use.