Structure analysis of the dynamics of fuel energy resources production, export and consumption in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) for the period from 2006 to 2015 has been conducted based on the compiled annual fuel and energy balances, trends in energy production and consumption are identified as well.

The article analyzes some methods for calculating the loss of active power in lowvoltage industrial networks, taking into account the main influencing parameters. Equivalent resistance and losses of active power in radial and trunk circuits are determined. The errors of the equivalent resistance and the loss of the active power of the circuits relative to the reference values are calculated. Graphic dependencies of the equivalent resistance of the radial and trunk circuits of the industrial networks are taken into account, taking into account switching devices on the lines in the functions of such parameters as the total cross-section of lines, average lengths, cross-sections of lines and ambient temperature, and with a change in the line load factor. The proposed nomograms are highly accurate and can be used in practical calculations.

In this article, we present the methods used to date, the choice of the cross-sections of the wires of overhead transmission lines, taking into account not only the losses from the load currents, but also the corona losses and linear insulation of overhead transmission lines. The method of economic optimization of electrical loads and current density in operating air lines is considered, where the target functions are the specific discounted costs for transmission of 1 kW. h of electric power.

The paper presents the results of research and analysis of literature data on the paper insulation's thermal aging. An exponential decrease in the degree of polymerization of paper insulation from the aging time is established, at the starting time of transformers’ operation the aging rate of paper insulation is maximal and after that its slowing down. It was found out that the degree of polymerization at the starting time of the transformer's operation can be in the range of 900 units, this is due to its drying during the manufacturing process.

The work studies a possibility of choice for a given interval of changing the load power and the capacity of renewable generation sources of such a constant configuration of the primary distribution network, at which the energy losses differ minimally from the losses at the optimal hourly reconfiguration The study was carried out using the fast algorithm of the primary distribution network reconfiguration by the losses minimization criterion that was worked out by the authors. The algorithm efficiency is proved by comparing the results obtained on study basis with the results of other methods. After emergency cut-out of the sectionalizing switch the reconfiguration algorithm based on the methods known in the graph theory allow us to determine the line switch required for restoration. For the final choice of such switches feasibility of the post-emergency is tested and the controls are chosen, if the conditions are not met. The work of the proposed methods is demonstrated by the example of the 33 nodal IEEE scheme.

The difficulties of burning the watered fuel oil used at the TPP as a reserve fuel for boilers are associated with its preparation by heating to reduce viscosity and the choice of a method of spraying with nozzles into the combustion zone. The quality of the preparation of fuel oil for combustion affecting the boiler efficiency is estimated by the length of the flame, the presence of burning large particles of fuel oil, the injection of coke and unburned particles onto screen and other heat-receiving surfaces. One of the ways to prepare fuel oil for combustion is cavitation treatment, which results in an emulsion consisting of fine micronsized particles. Heating of fuel oil particles after the nozzle in contact with the combustion zone is due to the flow of radiation from the burning torch. Therefore, in this article, the values of the flux density from the torch during the combustion of fuel oil are experimentally determined. The influence of particle size on the burning rate of the fuel oil M100 with the different density of the thermal radiation of the flame. It is found that the effect of cavitation treatment of fuel oil on the combustion rate is most significantly manifested in particle sizes less than 10 microns. For this purpose, the use of hydrodynamic cavitators are preferred at high fuel oil consumption rate.

The analyses of economic impact following the application by the Republic of Tatarstan population and equated consumers of straight-line one-zone tariff and straight-line two-zone tariff for the consumed electric energy is provided. The conclusion is made on necessity of tariffs adoption in the RT differentiated by the time zones and to incentivize the consumers to participate in regulating the load schedule of the electric energy suppliers, to facilitate energy saving and improving nature protecting conditions in the region. The comparison of economic results from application of different tariffs by population in 8 Russian Federation regions is provided.

Modern society is inseparably linked with electrical energy utilization in many areas of life and activities. Fleet and its transport infrastructure equipped with an electric equipment of various degree of complexity is not an exception. Currently, hundreds of thousands of commercial, fishing, passenger and other ships are operational and perform their functions. Technical perfection of their production mechanisms and technological processes being implemented are largely determined by the perfection of the actuator and degree of automation. The advantages of electrical energy, creation of advanced enough electromechanical converters and the development of control systems has led to the introduction of automated electric drives, the main part of which are electric motors. The article presents some results of the performed researches on widely used three-phase asynchronous motors, with the aim of improving their energy efficiency.

Thermal processes in incubation chamber were investigated. From the investigations, the recommendations were developed for controlling the temperature in this precision system based on the synthesis of correcting devices, allowing one to improve its functional quality.

Eight-poles of various designs, including an eight-terminal network with three input and five output terminals, are needed to replace some power objects. Especially when only the input and output characteristics of electrical energy are of interest. The paper presents the eightterminal network equations with three input and five output terminals, establishing a connection between these characteristics. Equations of the A-form establish a connection between the input and output voltages and currents; the B-form equations establish a connection between the output and input voltages and currents; G-form equations establish a connection between the input current, output voltages and output voltage, output currents; H-form equations establish the relationship between the input voltage, output currents and output current, output voltages; the Yform equations establish a connection between the input and output currents and the input and output voltages; The Z-form equations establish the relationship between the input and output voltages and the input and output currents. When implementing these equations, attention should be paid to the difference in the directions of the currents in each individual case.

The paper suggests the description and development of the demonstration stand «Automatic switch of stand-by power supply" for possibility of visual study and understanding of the multi-purpose power supply to ensure the reliability of electricity supply to consumers. 

Known methods of testing supports create longitudinal and transverse static load applied to the support. In real conditions the majority of the damage of the supports is connected with the influence on them of dynamic loads, which can exceed the static. The proposed method allows to conduct experimental studies of cascade processes of destruction of anchor site due to a wire breakage, when the potential energy of the tension wires is converted into a dynamic influence on the design of supports.

At present, testing and tuning of electronic engine control systems is a long and laborious process, since it is necessary to fulfill all safety requirements, ensure power and environmental parameters and fuel efficiency of the engine being developed. The article describes a multifunctional automated installation for tuning up an electronic control system, speeding up the calibration and modification of algorithms for electronic control systems of an internal combustion engine, and to work off reactions to occurring malfunctions.

The article presents the experimental studies results of a superheated liquid and a heated gas spraying through nozzles with cuts in order to determine the influence of the channel configuration on the characteristics of the jets. Experimental setups, experimental methods and instrumentation are described in the article. Photographing and thermal imaging was used to visualize the flow of liquids and gases. It was determined that there is no displacement of the jet axis relatively to the axis of the outlet opening when the heated gas flows through the nozzles with a cut. It is shown that there is a displacement of the axis of the jet relative to the axis of the outlet in the range of 15-18 degrees when the superheated water flows through the nozzles having a cut of the off outlet.

To plan for timely reconstruction, modernization, repairs or replacement of equipment it is important to reliably predict the instant of its transition to the limiting state that determines the lifetime. Currently, there are no regulatory methods for assessing the lifetime of hydraulic turbines at the operation stage. The approach presented in this paper uses the fracture mechanics methods to build a long-term individual forecast of the dangerous development defects in the main elements of hydraulic turbines taking into account design, technological and operational features. The forecast is based on three-dimensional mathematical models that describe the change in the technical condition of the equipment during time under actual operation. The ANSYS software is used for calculations. Models take into account the size and position of detected or possible defects. Crack growth is determined by the combination of low- and high-frequency loads. The critical length of the crack corresponds to the instant of change of the crack development mechanism, when the failure risk increases sharply. Proposed approach can significantly reduce the possibility of unplanned or emergency shutdown of the hydraulic unit due to its destruction during the overhaul period.

The effect of the rotation number of the propeller mixer on the concentration of sulfoxide sulfur in the oil fraction of Arlan oil during the oxidation of this fraction sulfides with hydrogen peroxide along with an acid catalyst, a mixture of formic and sulfuric acids in a mixing reactor, was studied. The dependences of the concentration of sulfoxide sulfur in the oil fraction and the reaction rate of the oxidation of the fraction sulfides to sulfoxides are obtained experimentally depending on the intensity of heterogeneous blend mixing in the blending reactor.

 

In the article the authors presented the construction of a contact device with an artificial unevenness on a vertical partition, which contributes to an increase in the specific contact area of the liquid and gas phases, in order to intensify the heat-storage process in the column apparatus, the experimental setup, the experimental procedure, the results of the experiments and the conclusions on the work. The experiments demonstrated the effect of the geometric parameters of the working section (width of the working area, height of the working area, bending radius of the working section) of the artificial unevenness of the partition of the contact device on the spreading area of the film and on the deviation of the liquid from the axis of the edge of the working section. The most effective ratio of the diameter of the drain of the liquid to the width of the working section is shown and the influence of the height of the working area on the efficiency of the proposed design of a jet-film contact device with an artificial unevenness on a vertical partition.

A study has been made of the Philips and Carnot cycles based on the modernized physicochemical model of "ideal gas", which utilizes the theory of thermodynamic potentials and assumes the presence of chemical energy. The feasibility study of the Phillips and Carnot heat engines using the thermodynamic potential method is substantiated by plotting the diagrams of the dependence of the internal energy and Helmholtz energy on the absolute temperature and their comparison with the usual pressure-volume diagrams. This method is compared with traditional approach to analysis of cyclic processes. Based on the analysis carried out, the results are similar to those obtained in the study of these processes in the traditional way. On the other hand, the use of new research methods has a significant advantage, since it allows direct use of the activity of the substance (gas) and the entire arsenal of chemical thermodynamics for the analysis of cyclic processes, for example, in the thermal machines of Philips and Carnot.