Object. The object of research is the modernization of the drives of oil pumping units through the use of synchronous motors and adaptive control systems. Field of application: electrical equipment for oil pumping units.

The purpose of the work is to identify inventions in the field of electric drives based on Russian highly efficient synchronous motors for oil pumping machines, to determine the advantages and disadvantages of modern developments in this field.

Methods. This analysis will reveal the strengths of the drive being developed and most competitively present them. An important point is, and checking the possibility of patenting in this area, i.e. check for patent purity.

Results. As a result of the study, the most significant inventions (based on the patent analysis of the Russian Federation) were identified in the field of sucker rod pump control stations, dynamometry, and wattmetry, which are presented in the work, they provide a brief overview, provide basic information and novelty.

Conclusion. A literature review showed that the issues of control stations for sucker rod pumps, dynamometry, wattmetry, and the development of synchronous electric motors are rather deeply covered, on the other hand, the literature does not sufficiently reflect the problems of frequency regulation of synchronous motors, as well as the capabilities of intelligent control stations that would allow increase the level of oil production, optimize the technological process, significantly reduce the influence of the “human” factor improve production safety

Thus, the need to create a competitive electric drive for oil pumping machines is the use of “smart” control systems that will regulate the operation of the well due to adaptive (based on automatic analysis of dynamograms and wattmetergrams) private regulation.

The aim of the work is to increase the efficiency of the CHP by introducing a steam screw-rotor machine (SSRM) into the thermal circuit. It is proposed to exclude the passage of steam from the selection of the turbine through the pressure reduction and desuperheating station (PRDS) of own needs. Superheated steam is diverted to be sent to a steam screw-rotor machine installed parallel to the PRDS. This technical solution will allow to obtain steam used in low pressure deaerators, as well as electricity for own needs of the CHP. The article presents the operating parameters, as well as the calculation results of the backpressure turbine. A feasibility study was carried out for the introduction of SSRM into the plant’s thermal circuit: the equivalent fuel and electricity savings for own needs were calculated, as well as the payback period of the project for introducing a steam screw-rotor machine. In the course of the calculations, the following results were obtained: a decrease in the specific consumption of equivalent fuel for the production of 1 kWh of electricity – by 1,9 g; saving of equivalent fuel during the implementation of the SSRM will be 13 tons per year, which also entails a reduction in emissions into the environment; Electricity production for own needs is 8100 kWh, the payback period for the project to introduce a steam screw machine in the thermal circuit of a thermal power plant is 5 years.

Thermomechanical perfection of intake and exhaust systems largely determine the efficiency of the working process of reciprocating engines (ICE). The article presents the results of numerical simulation and experimental study of the heat transfer of gas flows in profiled gas- air systems of ICEs. A description of the numerical simulation technique, experimental setup, configurations of the studied hydraulic systems, measuring base and features of the experiments are given. On the basis of numerical modeling, it has been established that the use of profiled sections with cross sections in the shape of a square or a triangle in exhaust systems of an ICEs leads to a decrease in the heat transfer coefficient by 5-11%. It is shown that the use of similar profiled sections in the intake system of reciprocating engines also leads to a decrease in the heat transfer coefficient to 10 % at low air flow rates (up to 40 m/s) and an increase in the heat transfer coefficient to 7% at high speeds. Experimental studies qualitatively confirm the simulation results.

Drying of wood materials is one of the most important processes not only of wood processing, but also of many other industries. Drying processes involve the removal of moisture as a result of a phase transition from a liquid or solid to a gaseous state. This is due to the high energy intensity and duration of the process, especially for colloidal materials. The latter is due to the fact that with intensive drying the quality of the finished product often decreases, for example, when drying lumber cracks and warps occur, which is unacceptable in the manufacture of thermally modified products. In cases of thermochemical processing of dispersed materials, the quality of raw materials is determined only by the final moisture content of dispersed materials.Questions of heat and mass transfer during the drying of materials were carried out by Girsh M., Lykov A.V., Lurye M.V., Sazhin B.S., Dolinsky A.A., Golubev L.G., Rudobashta S.P., Shubin G.S., Romankov PG, Ginzburg A.S., Mikhailov N.V., Mushtayev VI. and etc. The paper deals with convective technology of dispersive materials. The zone of convective drying of dispersed materials is presented. Experimental and mathematical modeling of the drying process of wet dispersed materials before thermochemical processing was carried out. The results of theoretical and experimental studies of changes in temperature and humidity in the drying bin are presented. The nature of changes in temperature and humidity of dispersed particles in a drying bin was determined. The effective height of the layer in the counter-current dryer is determined by calculation, depending on the moisture content of the fuel and the temperature of the exhaust flue gases.

The urgency of the task is to develop a heat exchanger-regenerator designed for high- temperature heating of gaseous media, which are used in various technological schemes of the petrochemical, gas processing, energy and other industries. The developed heat exchanger has high performance due to the developed heat exchange surface, reliability due to the fact that the inner and outer pipes are movable relative to each other with linear dimensions compensation, it is simple to manufacture, does not require the use of an intermediate heat carrier, can be used as a heating coolant combustion products of untreated, low-grade gaseous fuel. At the same time, it is possible to equip the developed apparatus with a convection heat exchanger for more efficient use of the heat of the fuel combustion products. The article describes the proposed design, the principle of operation of this heat exchanger-regenerator. A review of the technical literature has been carried out, the main advantages of the device are shown in comparison with the currently known domestic and foreign counterparts. The paper presents the main calculated dependencies used in the design, as well as the results of the calculations. The possibility of using the proposed heat exchanger as part of a gas turbine unit used as an autonomous power source is considered, as well as information about technological processes in which it can be used. In conclusion, we can say that the developed heat exchanger has high performance, differs in the ability to work at high temperatures without violating the integrity of the structure, does not require the use of an intermediate heat carrier, and is to be used in many industries.

The aim of the work is to study the processes of electrothermal gasification of solid fuels in energy technological complexes and to assess the possibilities of using energy technological complexes for regulating load schedules of electric power systems. By the methods of mathematical and physical modeling of physicochemical processes of gasification of solid carbon- containing materials and energy conversion, the main characteristics of electro-technological complexes for the processing of solid carbon-containing materials are obtained. A technological scheme of a maneuverable consumer of electricity and power is proposed, allowing to participate in demand management and increase the efficiency of electric power systems, comprehensively process any solid types of fuels, and build municipal gasification systems for areas that do not have access to natural gas sources. It is shown that the energy potential of the synthesis gas obtained by thermoelectric gasification in electrode installations is several times higher than the cost of electricity for gasification. During the hours of maximum load of the power system, the electrothermal gasifier allows to significantly reduce the consumed active power due to the transition to the autothermal gasification mode without reducing the performance of synthesis gas and work in the “market of system services” as a regulated load. Electrotechnological electrode installation allows the use of cheap electric energy of nighttime minima for the production of synthesis gas and the recovery of ferroalloys from oxides of raw materials and ore materials to be added to the coal recovery process. Electrode electrothermal installation provides a wide range of regulation of consumed electrical power, good process controllability for any type of raw materials, including combustible solid waste. High-temperature reduction processes in electrothermal gasifiers make it possible to process fuel of any composition without enrichment and grinding, to convert the mineral part of solid fuel into slag, which can be used to produce building materials. The oxides of a number of metals contained in the mineral part of the fuel are reduced and form a ferroalloy.

The relevance of the study lies in the search for energy-saving technologies. So, at present, the most common type of electric drive in industry is asynchronous, most of which are unregulated. Replacing an unregulated electric drive with an adjustable one in various units can significantly reduce energy consumption, increase the life of the mechanical part of the drive and improve the quality of the adjustable process parameter. The replacement consists in installing an electronic frequency converter between the network and the motor of the device. This device changes the rotational speed of the motor rotor by changing the frequency and amplitude of the supply voltage. The most common are frequency converters with an intermediate DC link. Such devices are built on electronic keys, which are made on IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) transistors. Using the NI Multisim14 software, a model was created to determine power savings during the implementation of VFD.

The paper gives the rationale for the introduction of a frequency-controlled electric drive (VFD) to optimize technological processes in electrical complexes and systems, in particular, a complete analysis of the energy efficiency of VFD application in pumped water supply systems is presented as an example. The calculation of its economic efficiency for a particular installation is also given.

A decrease in the efficiency of the tower cooling tower of the TPP was found, especially in the summer. It has been proposed that one of the reasons for the decrease in productivity may be uneven distribution of flows. Experimental studies of the density distribution of irrigation water and air flow of a tower cooling tower have been carried out. The actual operating characteristics of the cooling device are obtained taking into account the uneven flow. Due to the influence of internal and external factors on the performance of the full- scale tower, it was decided to check the performance at its laboratory installation. An experimental analysis of the distribution of irrigation density and air velocity was performed on a laboratory model of a cooling tower. The experimental characteristics of the full-scale tower cooling tower in a laboratory installation were confirmed: the dependence of air speed, temperature drop of water and cooling power on the distribution of irrigation density. Taking into account the uneven flow of water and air is an important task in the design and operation of tower towers. The problem of rational distribution of irrigation density and air flow in a tower cooling tower is formulated.

In most cases, any abnormal mode in the distribution electrical network is eliminated by the action of relay protection and automation devices (RPA), i.e. - there is a shutdown of the damaged item. It is much more difficult to constantly maintain the normal key indicators of the quality of electrical energy in the network. With the advent of controlled voltage converters based on transistors IGCT and IGBT, static synchronous compensators STATCOM were developed. The main disadvantage of this kind of device is that the control output generated by them is static. Under conditions of increased likelihood of abnormal conditions, their dynamic compensation will be much more effective. In the process of research, the methods of dynamic continuous action of voltage on a sinusoid in a distribution electric network were used. The development of a theoretical approach was accompanied by constant monitoring of existing and developed technical solutions associated with the task set in the work. The object of the study was the distribution electrical network of industrial enterprises with a sharply alternating nature of negative network perturbations. A method has been developed for dynamic suppression of amplitude-phase voltage distortions on the basis of restoring the voltage curve due to the continuous introduction of a compensation voltage curve into the network via a booster transformer. A faster formation of the control action in comparison with analogues allows us to more effectively respond to negative network perturbations in distribution networks, especially if the nature of their occurrence changes dramatically. The proposed method is designed to maintain the quality of electricity within acceptable limits in accordance with the requirements of Russian State Standard 32144-2013.

: The work is devoted to the analysis of deterministic most common methods for determining electricity losses in low-voltage industrial power supply networks. The method of graphical integration, the method of calculating electricity losses using the maximum loss time, the method of determining losses by time 2t, the method of calculating electricity losses by the average node loads are considered. The features of the application of each method are revealed. It is shown that for the method of graphical integration, initial data on the dependences of load schedules for each network element are required, and the method of calculating losses by average node loads can be used in networks with relatively constant loads. We consider the methods of calculating the losses based on graphical integration, the time of largest losses, 2t and the root-mean-square loads.

At the same time, the errors of the considered methods for calculating electricity losses can be due to such reasons as the neglect of the heating temperature of the conductors, the neglect of the resistances of the contact connections of switching devices, the inaccuracy of determining the values of losses during the highest and lowest power demand, the inaccuracy of determining the time of the largest losses,. disregarding the form of the load schedule of consumers.

Using the example of an industrial radial network site with known load graphs of consumers, the electric power losses in the circuit lines with the specified methods were calculated with the determination of the error of each method and the identification of the causes of errors. In this case, the method of graphical integration was adopted as the reference method of calculation. As a result of the calculations, it was established that the method of calculating 2t has the smallest error. It is shown that when choosing a method for determining electricity losses, it is necessary to observe the condition of compliance with methodological and informational errors.

Models and methods for studying turbulence based on the concept of turbulent "vortex backfill" are presented. The essence of this concept is that the turbulent flow is considered as laminar, flowing through a "vortex backfill ", which creates internal resistance. This resistance can be considered either as distributed, or as locally concentrated. Based on the first representation, a modified Navier-Stokes equation, its approximate analytical and numerical solutions are obtained. Based on the second concept and the local fluctuation method developed for these purposes, a computer model of the turbulent flow in the pipes is obtained. Using simulation, it is shown that, when a certain system of local viscosity fluctuations is specified, the calculated flow profile corresponds to the profile of the turbulent flow velocity. The magnitude and profile of the turbulent viscosity of the flow are completely determined by the structure and properties of the "vortex backfill ". The results of the work confirm the possibility and efficiency of considering turbulence based on this concept.

Results of experimental studies of pneumomechanical atomization process of slurry fuel with a plasticizer in an aerodynamic simulator of power boiler furnace are presented. Analysis of the current state in the field of research of slurry fuel atomization processes has been conducted. Influence of pressure of slurry fuel and air on the structure of the emerging spray cone have been analyzed. The values of characteristic dimensions of three zones of spray cone have been determined: core, middle and outer zones. Effect of pressure of the sprayed slurry fuel and air on the period of stable spray cone formation and geometric characteristics of the zones has been experimentally confirmed. Ranges of velocities and sizes of droplets in the flow at various pressures have been distinguished. The quantitative values of slurry fuel droplets with different velocities in the process of its pneumatic spraying have been obtained. It has been established that the largest number of particles in the study area have velocities up to 8 m/s; a significant number of droplets (up to 20%) have velocities from 8 to 32 m/s; velocities of 32 m/s and more are typical for 1% of droplets. During the results processing, aerosol particles with a size of 1 micron or less have not been taken into account. The values of We criterion for the respective sizes and velocities of the sprayed fuel droplets have been determined. It has been established that significant part of the droplets undergoes catastrophic crushing, which is characteristic for the values of We numbers from 7800 and higher. The obtained results can be used for mathematical and physical modeling of the process of slurry fuels atomization in the furnaces of power boilers in order to predict the aerodynamic characteristics of the designed and existing units.

The work presents the main characteristics of the most efficient solar energy technologies, including in small distributed energy. The use of hybrid technologies based on the use of solar radiation is justified. The prospects of these facilities in one of the provinces of the Republic of Viet Nam (Ninh Tuan), which is characterized by the highest intensity of solar radiation, have been determined. The results of calculation of the station with capacity of 4.6 MW, operating on the basis of use of GTU without use of solar energy and its use for heating of air entering the combustion chamber, are presented. The energy-saving effect of the introduction of hybrid technologies is due to the increase in the efficiency of the station by 6% to 10% depending on the time of year and the characteristic intensity of solar radiation and ambient temperature. A significant decrease in the consumption of fuel (natural gas) used in the gas turbine plant has been detected.

The results of modeling the thermal characteristics of the dry and oil-filled power transformer TM-160/10 in idle and short circuit modes are presented. The electrical, geometric and thermal characteristics of the TM-160/10 transformer are determined. Computer modeling is performed in the software package ANSYS 17.1. The 2D distributions of temperature and density of heat flows in the transformer in the longitudinal and transverse sections are determined. It is shown that the use of transformer oil for cooling the transformer significantly reduces the temperatures in the active part. The temperature distribution occupies the range of 67-91 °С. Accordingly, the temperature of the most heated part is 91 °C and also corresponds to the low voltage winding. The dependence of the most heated point of the transformer on the operating mode was studied. A formula is proposed for calculating the maximum temperature of a transformer as a function of power loss.