RELEVANCE. The design and development of radio frequency (RF) coil sensors is an important engineering and, at the same time, fundamental task for those radio spectroscopic instruments that require an increase in sensitivity, measured as a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Radio spectroscopy of nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR), especially in nitrogen compounds, in which the resonant frequency is very low and ranges from a few megahertz or lower to hundreds of kilohertz, requires the use of special solutions to increase the sensitivity. PURPOSE. Theoretical substantiation and search for a technical solution that allows achieving high sensitivity on standard equipment through the use of a high-quality sensor. METHODS. Methods for optimizing the design of sensors for NQR/NMR spectrometers are considered. The design of the sensor for the NQR spectrometer, which contains an inductance coil wound with a Litz wire, has been calculated and designed. RESULTS. A high-quality coil for the spectrometer sensor was made, which gives an increase in the quality factor by about 1.5 times. The use of a spectrometer with this coil made it possible to confidently record weak noisy signals of paracetamol at a low duty cycle. The sensitivity of the sensor made it possible to distinguish preparations from different manufacturers by their spectral characteristics. CONCLUSIONS. A solenoid sensor has been developed, modeled and manufactured, which has a high quality factor and allows recording quadrupole resonance signals of drugs (paracetamol) by a non-destructive method directly through the package. The possibility of using such a sensor for quality control of medicines, detection of falsified and counterfeit medicines is shown.

THE RELEVANCE of the work lies in the need to control the cutting inserts of metalworking tools, which are widely used today in production and used in the machining of products for various purposes in mechanical engineering. The production of carbide plates involves a number of operations: obtaining fine powders, mixing them in certain proportions, shaping, followed by pressing and sintering. Violation of the technology of at least one of the considered operations leads to the production of defective plates, the quality of which does not meet the requirements. The use of such plates in production leads to the production of defective products or an increase in the complexity of their manufacture, which is associated with the need for their frequent replacement. Traditional control methods have a significant drawback - the destruction of the product or its damage. They can be avoided using non-destructive testing methods, which include the coercive force method. The authors proposed a device of an original design, which makes it possible to implement non-destructive testing of the considered products made of hard alloys of various grades. To test its performance, a prototype was developed and tested. THE PURPOSE. Development of a device for non-destructive testing of products made of hard alloys and its testing in order to determine the relative error. The task is relevant, since there is a need for enterprises to control the quality of replaceable carbide inserts of metalworking tools. METHODS. During testing of the device, generally accepted empirical research methods were used, and the determination of the relative error was carried out according to the methodology developed for the Koerzimat 1.097 HcJ coercimeter, as well as using generally accepted methods of mathematical statistics. RESULTS. The electrical structural and principal diagrams of the device have been developed, and its design parameters have been determined. Tests of the device were carried out, during which measurements of the coercive force were made for samples made of various grades of hard alloys and having different shapes and sizes. CONCLUSION. The design of the developed device is characterized by simplicity and low cost; at the same time, it is based on a modern element base. The test results of the device showed that the relative measurement error is within acceptable limits, which allows it to be used to control products made of hard alloys in production conditions.

THE PURPOSE. Consider the problems of estimating the cost of services for the transmission of electricity through the electric networks of territorial grid organizations (TGOs), including large industrial enterprises with the status of TGOs and their own generation. Develop a methodology for calculating the cost of electricity losses in the elements of the power supply system of such enterprises, taking into account the technical and economic characteristics of the sources. Develop a methodology for determining the share contribution of individual sources and consumers to electricity losses and their cost. Calculate the cost of electricity losses and the structure of the contribution to it of power sources of an industrial TGO enterprise and draw conclusions. METHODS. When solving the tasks set, methods for calculating steady-state modes of power supply systems were used. RESULTS. The article describes the relevance of the topic, created calculation methods, in the conditions of a large industrial power center, the system of payment by sub-subscribers of an industrial enterprise for services for the transmission of electricity and its relationship with the flow distribution is considered. The structure of the contribution of power sources to the losses of electricity in the power supply system is analyzed. An approach has been formulated to adjust the individual tariff for the purchase of electricity losses, taking into account the placement of power sources in the power supply system. Recommendations are given to reduce the degree of undercompensation of the cost of electricity transmission services by third-party consumers. It is proposed to use for these purposes the norms of technological losses of electricity (NTLE), determined by the cost of losses. CONCLUSION. Under the current regulatory framework, it is in the interests of TGO enterprises to distribute sub-subscribers in the scheme in such a way that their actual NTLE, determined taking into account the targeting of losses, does not exceed the calculated NTLE. In this case, there is no transfer of the cost of losses from sub-subscribers to the own consumption of the TGO enterprise. At the same time, sub-subscribers do not incur additional costs, since they pay off with the guaranteeing supplier at the boiler tariff. NTLE for these purposes must be determined by the cost of losses, taking into account the characteristics of the sources. The share of payment for losses in the networks of an TGO enterprise, which goes to its own consumption and is not compensated by sub-subscribers, is reduced. Consequently, the amount of costs for electricity and their share in the cost of finished products of the TGO enterprise is reduced.

THE POSSIBILITY of using various speed observers in a vector-controlled asynchronous electric drive system proposed for use on an inclined conveyor belt transporting iron ore concentrate is considered. THE PURPOSE is a comparative study of the dynamic characteristics of the vector control system of an asynchronous electric drive when using a speed sensor and speed observers of various types. THE RESEARCH METHODS are development of mathematical models of observers, computer modeling and analysis of dynamic modes of operation of the asynchronous electric drive vector control system when using a speed sensor and various speed observers in the conditions of operation of an inclined conveyor belt, analysis of the accuracy of speed measurement by the observers considered, taking into account the influence of thermal changes in the active resistance of the asynchronous motor windings. With the help of computer modeling, graphs of transient processes in the asynchronous electric drive system with vector control are obtained, the results of modeling dynamic characteristics and quality indicators in systems with a speed sensor mounted on the motor shaft and with speed observers. The degree of influence of the thermal change in the active resistance of the windings of an asynchronous motor on the work of observers of different types is determined. AS A RESULT of the studies carried out, it was found that the full-order speed observer provides a minimum error in speed measurement and can be used in an asynchronous electric drive system with vector control when it is used on an inclined conveyor belt.

RELEVANCE. The lack of easily accessible charging stations is becoming a negative factor in the growth of the adoption of electric vehicles. Consequently, the planning and placement of charging stations is gaining momentum among researchers around the world. One of the promising solutions is the use of mobile charging stations, which can solve the problem of the stationarity of existing solutions. TARGET. To confirm the relevance of the study and determine the current technical level in the field of charging stations for electric vehicles (for comparison with the technology being developed on the basis of Kazan State Power Engineering University and the Zarnitsa production association), an analysis of patent information was made. METHODS. The authors of the article defined terms and keywords for analysis, collected data on specialized sites and carried out a detailed analysis of a number of patents from different countries, research organizations. RESULTS. The maximum level of development is at the level of TRL 3-5, but the analysis of patent activity indicates an increase in the number of intellectual property objects, which may indicate a future sharp increase in the level of TRL, and the need for their own developments ready for mass production, for which the authors developed a flowchart of the developed mobile electric vehicle charging installation, indicating the features: the ability to supply power to the network, wireless charging for electric vehicles, the availability of all major types of charging for electric vehicles, the possibility of integrating renewable energy sources, dynamic energy distribution. CONCLUSION. The technical level of developments in the field of mobile charging stations for electric vehicles does not allow talking about ready-made solutions that can be used to develop the charging infrastructure of the Russian Federation, and the development of a domestic solution in the form of mass production is necessary.

Power transformers are one of the main components of power supply systems needed to reliably supply electricity to consumers. As we know, the value of the allowable load of transformers is determined by the value of the allowable heating of structural elements, on which the service life of transformer period depends. Reliable data on the technical condition of the structural elements of transformers is the decisive information for making decisions on the replacement and maintenance of transformers. METHODS. To assess the service life of transformers, methods were used to evaluate the statistical parameters of consumer load graphs, load factors and the heating temperature of the windings of transformers with a capacity of Sn.T = 20 MVA, a voltage of 33/11 kV at substation Kabun-1. THE AIM. The aim of the work is to evaluate the service life of the transformers at substation Kabun-1 (Syrian Arab Republic) with various options for the type of load power consumption graph (first; second; third). THE RESULTS. The main statistical parameters of the characteristics of the original and proposed options of load power graphs (active, reactive and apparent) per day of transformers, the main electrical consumer of which is the spinning and weaving factory, are determined. Approximating functions of daily graphs of power loads of transformers, from which the spinning and weaving factory receives power (first and second approximations), have been developed. It is proved that with the considered options for shifting the time of the start of work of electrical consumers - with the third option -the maximum load power is reduced by 12.8%, load variation is reduced from 0.33 to 0.17 in relation to the second option for the subdivisions of the spinning and weaving factory. It has been established that for all the considered options, the average value of the load power of the transformers at substation Kabun-1 is constant. The laws of change in the relative value of the service life of transformers during the implementation of various technical measures are determined.

RELEVANCE. Today, the degree of integration of renewable energy sources into the energy system is an indicator of the technological and industrial development of the state. Renewable energy is a driver for the development of the economy, science and education. In Russia, the largest technical potential from renewable energy sources in the Sun (in million tons of standard fuel) is 2.3 * 10³, the second place is occupied by wind energy - 2 * 10³. However, the use of solar energy is associated with great difficulties in predicting the generation of electricity due to its dependence on meteorological conditions, and there is an acute issue of forecasting the generation.

In this article, the authors propose a solution to the urgent problem of predicting energy generation from solar power plants using machine learning systems. TARGET. The purpose of this work is to study the performance of modern artificial intelligence methods to create a platform for predicting the power generated from a solar station to an existing network. Develop the architecture of the information and communication system of the distribution network and the model for predicting the photovoltaic power of the power plant based on machine learning methods. METHODS. One approach to solving this problem is to use machine learning algorithms. Such algorithms, with a correctly chosen training model, are capable of predicting the volume of electricity generation a day ahead with a high accuracy of up to 95%. RESULTS. The values of real generation and predicted generation were compared by five machine learning algorithms, such as neural networks, linear regression, decision tree, random forest, adaptive boosting. The random forest algorithm has the smallest mean square error on the test data. The problem of optimization of the radial topology of the network, which minimizes the total loss of active power, is solved. CONCLUSION. An analysis of the construction of a working machine learning model showed that in order to build an optimal model, only the history of the power generation of this plant, compared with the calculated and measured weather data, is needed. The stability of the model was tested by applying the cross-validation method under various training and testing conditions. The results obtained showed that the model works reliably, since the root-mean-square error of the most accurate model is in the region of 600 kWh (4%).

RELEVANCE. The task of prompt and accurate determination of the fault location in cable transmission lines is one of the key in the process of ensuring a reliable and uninterrupted supply of electricity to consumers. The development of a new algorithm for solving this problem, which will minimize the time and resources spent on finding damage, is an urgent area of modern research. THE PURPOSE. Consider the main shortcomings and limitations of the existing methods of determining fault location to cable lines. Develop an algorithm for the determining fault location to cable line based on the theory of long lines using the original amplitude-phase coordinate characteristics. Implement an algorithm for obtaining theoretical characteristics of the dependence of the input current parameters on the line fault coordinate using a specific numerical example. METHODS. When solving the tasks set, the methods of the theory of long lines and the classical theory of electrical circuits were used, implemented by means of the Wolfram Mathematica software package. RESULTS. The article describes the relevance of the topic, considers the main shortcomings of the existing methods of determining fault location to cable lines. An algorithm for determining the fault location for a single-phase cable line has been developed and implemented on a specific numerical example, based on the joint use of a special type of duplicated coordinate-dependent (ACC) and (FCC) characteristics calculated using the Wolfram Mathematica software package. The corresponding graphic constructions are given and a variant of the practical implementation of the proposed algorithm is described. CONCLUSION. According to the results of theoretical calculations, the proposed algorithm for determining the location of damage to a single-phase cable power transmission line allows, with a given accuracy, to determine the coordinate of damage for cases of breakage and short circuit in the entire range of line length. The obtained theoretical calculations need appropriate experimental testing in the next stage of research.

THE RELEVANCE of the research topic is due to the existence of an environmental problem associated with harmful emissions into the atmosphere. The most highly efficient are electrostatic precipitators and fabric filters (~90-99.5% capture). Against the background of these devices, inertial one’s lag behind both in terms of their catching efficiency and the catching spectrum of the ash particle size distribution. The research carried out in the article is aimed at creating such an inertial apparatus that would have both minimal resistance and high efficiency.

PURPOSE. Consider the possibility of reducing aerodynamic resistance by changing the design of the device, namely, by increasing the diameter of the inlet pipe in the inertial-vacuum ash collector. Consider a number of other ways to further reduce the aerodynamic drag of the apparatus. To identify the prospects and assessment of capital costs for the reconstruction of the ash collector. METHODS. When solving the problem, the method for calculating the dynamics of a dispersed flow in an inertial-vacuum ash collector, implemented by the MFD, was used. RESULTS. The article describes the relevance of the topic, considers the results of a numerical calculation. The calculation of the influence of boundary conditions, which include the flow rate at the inlet, thermal and hydraulic parameters of the flow of exhaust gases at the inlet to the ash catcher, in relation to the desired pressure drop across the apparatus, as well as the collection efficiency, was made. This article describes the process that results in a change in the hydraulic characteristics along the flow part of the IVAC. CONCLUSION. A change in the design of the apparatus leads to a decrease in the resistance of the IVAC, while these changes are extremely sensitive to the effect on the degree of purification. Calculations have shown that this method justifies itself in terms of reducing resistance. The pressure drops ranges from 279.8-1273 mm. water. pr. The convergence of the iterative calculation, taking into account the quality of the grid, provides flexibility, is achieved by fewer iterations, but the time spent on the calculation does not decrease.

RELEVANCE. Cyclone separators are used to separate solid dust particles from the air entering the turbine. The key factors in their selection are pressure drop and efficiency. Research aimed at improving these indicators while preserving the other advantages of cyclones, as well as the development of new dust and gas cleaning devices that are not inferior to them, are relevant. THE PURPOSE. Comparison of the technical characteristics of a multi-vortex separator with cyclones of various modifications on the efficiency of separation of particles from a dusty medium, the Froude criterion and the Euler criterion. METHODS. It carried the research out using modern methods of recording parameters on a laboratory stand. RESULTS. The fractional efficiency of separation of solid particles with a size from 1 to 80 microns from the gas stream of a multi-vortex separator is higher than cyclone separators: SK-CN-24, CN-11, CN-15, CN-24. An analysis of the efficiency according to the Froude Fr criterion similarly showed that a multi-vortex separator is preferable to cyclones UC-38-250, UC-38-500, UC-38-750, UC-38-850, SCN-40 and CN-11-400. We establish that with an increase in Fr, the efficiency increases. According to the Euler Eu criterion, it can be established that the use of a multi-vortex separator is carried out with lower energy costs relative to cyclones of the UC modifications with a body diameter of 500 mm or more, SCN-40 and CN-11-400. CONCLUSION. The conducted studies show that the use of a multi-vortex separator can be considered as a replacement for cyclone separators for cleaning the cyclic air of gas turbine installations. Advantages – simplicity of design, absence of friction of vortices on the walls of the separator, low value of the Euler criterion, efficiency close to 100% when capturing particles with a diameter of over 6 μm.

Providing comfortable living conditions of the local community is the important condition of the stable development and continued existence of remote areas of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) in modern Russia. The particular role played in this process is assigned to heat supply systems whose reliable and uninterrupted operation is fraught with various problems. The main ones are related to increased costs for the purchase of organic fuel and its delivery to remote areas. This circumstance leads to the fact that the prime cost of thermal energy is higher than the rates level, resulting in unprofitable activity of heat generating facilities, so their continued existence becomes impossible without government subsidies. Under these conditions one of the ways to save imported organic fuel and therefore reduce the prime cost of thermal energy can be the utilization of wind power plants (WPPs) in conjunction with boiler houses for heat supply in remote areas with increased wind potential. THE PURPOSE. It should be shown on the example of the Murmansk region that the utilization of WPPs in conjunction with boiler houses for heat supply in remote areas is a good decision to reduce the prime cost of thermal energy. METHODS. The comparison of the prime cost of thermal energy in a case of heat supply only from boiler houses with the one when utilizing WPPs in conjunction with boiler houses for heat supply. RESULTS. It is shown that the utilization of WPPs in conjunction with boiler houses with a capacity of more than 0.1 Gcal/h for heat supply in remote areas of the Murmansk region saves 60-90% of organic fuel worth 25,000-72,000 rubles/tce at boiler houses and thereby reduces the prime cost of thermal energy by 10-60%. An effect of the utilization of WPPs is reduced for boiler houses of lower capacity, with the lower the boiler house capacity, the more the utilization of WPP being economically impractical compared to a case of heat supply only from a boiler house. CONCLUSION. The results obtained allow us to assess the prospects of the utilization of WPPs in conjunction with boiler houses for heat supply in remote areas of AZRF in terms of the effectiveness of such utilization.

THE PURPOSE. In modern realities, the operation of heat networks of the district heating system involves a constant search for ways to minimize heat energy losses. METHODS. Therefore, the task of minimizing heat energy losses while controlling the temperature of the supplied heat transfer medium from the sources of heat becomes very important. When operating district heating networks in the Russian Federation, regulation of heat supply to consumers during the heating period is carried out depending on the outside air temperature, as a rule, in two ways: qualitative method by changing the water temperature in the supply main of the heating network; qualitative-quantitative method by changing the temperature and water consumption in the supply main of the heating network. The methods of regulation used are related to the need to maintain a stable hydraulic mode of heat networks. Actions on the regulation of heat supply to consumers are performed at the heat source in accordance with the indication of the heat network dispatcher according to the approved temperature schedule for the heat supply system. RESULTS. This paper presents the results of a study of the dependence of changes in the actual heat losses for the section of the heating network, which is during the operation process in a non-stationary mode. Criteria for setting the temperature of the heat carrier at the heat source required to meet the temperature schedule by the heat network dispatcher are proposed. The results obtained can also be used in organizations operating district heating networks to ensure the regulation of the heating network operation mode with minimum heat losses. CONCLUSION. The nature of changing the temperature of the supplied coolant in the network (the interval of setting a new value and the rate of temperature change) directly affects the heat energy losses in the surrounding pipeline environment, resulting from the temperature gradient of the coolant in the pipeline and the environment. Given the fact that the values of the temperature of the outside air, heat-carrier, affecting the operating mode of the heating system is constantly changing over time, the processes of heat-exchange (heat transfer) between the coolant and the environment surrounding the pipeline are unsteady. The work reviewed the current requirements of regulatory and technical documents on the setting of the heating network operation mode, analyzed the factors affecting changes in the mode of the heating system.

The RELEVANCE is determined by the need to solve environmental problems in the operation of reservoirs. The Kuibyshev Reservoir has been functioning since 1957 and in the recent period there have been significant changes in the temperature and hydrological regime, which is reflected in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the ichthyofauna. Management of aquatic bioresources is necessary to improve the ecological situation and food security of the region.

THE PURPOSE. Consider the species composition of catches, the quantitative representation of fish in the actual catch under the conditions of the current level and temperature regimes in the areas of the Kuibyshev reservoir within the Republic of Tatarstan; identify the main trends in changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the ichthyofauna to determine ways to preserve and improve the quality of aquatic biological resources. METHODS. A comparative analysis of our own research and literature data on the fishery characteristics of the Kuibyshev reservoir, fish productivity and the state of the ichthyofauna was carried out. In this work, to analyze the current state of the species composition of catches and the representation of fish in the actual catch, we used data provided by the State Committee of the Republic of Tatarstan on Biological Resources. RESULTS. The qualitative and quantitative composition of aquatic bioresources of the Kuibyshev reservoir under modern conditions of changing climatic characteristics and hydrological regime are considered. Particular attention is paid to the state of ichthyocenoses of the Kuibyshev reservoir within the Republic of Tatarstan. An analysis of the dynamics of changes in fish catches in the Volga River and the Kuibyshev reservoir was carried out. It is shown that the basis of the fishery is formed by bream, silver bream, blue bream, roach and pike perch. Blue bream, silver bream and bream together practically determine about 65% of the catch. Under these conditions, from the standpoint of improving the composition of the ichthyofauna and its directed formation, the role of such active predators as zander and bersh increases significantly. The features of the dynamics of catches of zander and bersh are considered. It is shown that the increase in the share of zander and bersh in catches is associated with an improvement in their food supply - with an increase in the number of weedy fish, among which sprat is important as a food component. It is concluded that the absence of a significant catch of sprat contributes to the growth in the number and, accordingly, the catches of bersh and pike perch. It is noted that water discharges from the reservoir do not significantly affect the stocks of pike perch. CONCLUSION. The assessment of the fish productivity of the Kuibyshev Reservoir within the Republic of Tatarstan in the temporal aspect and for fishing areas showed that in all fishing areas of the Kuibyshev Reservoir, fish productivity has been increasing in recent years. The highest fish productivity according to the results of the actual fish catch is noted in the Tetyushsky and Spassky areas. The average fish productivity in recent years was 31.53 kg/ha in Tetyushsky and Spassky plots, 11.89 kg/ha in Kamsko-Ustyinsky, 8.11 kg/ha in Laishevsky and Alekseevsky, 7.19 kg in Rybno-Slobodsky, ha, Mamadyshsky and Yelabuga plots - 18.15 kg / ha. It is concluded that the observed process of accelerating the eutrophication of the Kuibyshev reservoir under conditions of changing external climatic conditions and the current hydrological regime leads not only to the “blooming” of water, but also to an increase in the degree of trophy (within the mesotrophic class of water quality).