THE PURPOSE. Exploring the possibility of building hybrid power plants to reduce the shortage and cost of energy in Iraq through the combined use of solar electrochemical and thermal batteries.

METHODS. Analytical methods in the field of construction of consumer energy supply systems from photovoltaic plants, methods of computer-mathematical modeling.

RESULTS.The analysis of daily algorithms for the operation of a solar thermal energy supply system was carried out using the example of a social facility in Iraq using electrochemical and thermoelectric energy storage systems, taking into account the variation in the level of solar radiation, ambient temperature and energy consumption by seasons. An optimal algorithm for the conditions under study is proposed for the operation of the solar energy supply system and its elements. Methods for building an intelligent thermoelectric controller have been defined, which ensure the conversion of the maximum available energy of the PV power plant into thermal energy.

CONCLUSION. It turns out that the proposed structure for the construction of photovoltaic power plants with combined storage of electricity is preferable to consumers with large thermal loads, because of the efficiency of direct conversion of electricity from photovoltaic modules to thermal energy is higher than the efficiency of thermal conversion through an intermediate link - an electrochemical battery. The paper proposes the principle of creating intelligent thermoelectric controllers, which ensure the operation of a photovoltaic power plant in maximum power mode.

THE PURPOSE. Improving the efficiency of the boiler house. Development of a scheme for the introduction of screw expansion machines (SEM) into the thermal scheme of a boiler house. Calculation of the main technical characteristics of SEM and network heaters. Calculation of the economic effect and assessment of the feasibility of using energy-saving technologies in an industrial enterprise.

METHODS. The work uses methods of computational mathematics, the theory of heat and mass transfer, methods of technical and economic calculations in the energy sector, and thermodynamic analysis of power plants.

RESULTS. The article presents a variant of improving the efficiency of the boiler shop in Neftekamsk by putting into operation the steam boilers DDVWT, which are mothballed, and introducing screw expansion machines. It is proposed in the non-heating period (April - September) to turn on steam boilers to generate steam. The steam will pass through the SEM, lowering its pressure to that required for network heaters for subsequent heating of water for hot water supply. At the same time, electricity will be generated on the SEM generators, which will be transmitted to the auxiliary tires of the boiler house. According to the results of calculations, two SEM with a capacity of 700 kW each, as well as three network heaters, were selected for the installation. With the considered inclusion of additional steam boilers and SEM in the non-heating period of the year, the generated electricity will fully cover the costs for the auxiliary needs of the boiler house. The payback period of the project will be 5 years.

CONCLUSION. The results of technical and economic calculations show the feasibility of introducing SEM into the thermal scheme of the boiler house as an energy-saving measure.

THE PURPOSE. The purpose of this work is to create an intelligent system for assessing the technical condition of a 35/6 (10) kV transformer substation, which will monitor the state of parameters in real time and evaluate the technical condition of the transformer substation equipment.

METHODS. The method of online assessment of the technical condition of a transformer substation is based on the determination of an integral indicator of the technical condition of the equipment, and the method of paired comparisons is also used. When making decisions in system analysis, the decomposition method is used.

RESULTS. The structure of the intellectual system is considered. The software part of this system has been created, which calculates the coefficients of express analysis of transformer substation equipment in real time.

CONCLUSION. The developed intelligent system allows for remote monitoring, reducing the likelihood of emergencies, monitoring the condition of existing equipment, predicting changes in the technical condition and proceeding to the organization of maintenance and repair of the main power equipment according to the actual condition.

Ensuring power system voltage stability is one of the key challenges in power system planning and operation. At the moment, as a result of a number of technological incidents in the form of a violation of the stability of the voltage of the power system, multilayer perceptrons were tested on the territory of various countries.

PURPOSE. Development of an intelligent approach to assessing the Load Stability Index (LSI) in the power system using computational intelligence methods (neural networks).

METHODS. In the course of these studies, a method for estimating the ISI was used, which is used to monitor the stability of voltage in the power system using the "Smart Park" calculation method.

RESULTS. The results of providing the development stage are obtained, which substantiate the possibility of using the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) for estimating the IEL with a high degree of accuracy.

CONCLUSION. In the course of these studies, the authors of the article put forward the following conclusions: an approach based on a multilayer perceptron (MPP) neural network with feed-forward is presented; an assessment of the ISI was carried out on the example of a power system using the calculation method "Smart Park"; the presented neural network approach does not depend on the open-circuit voltage on a particular load bus; the presence of indicators of active power, reactive power and voltage on the load bus is sufficient to assess the IPL; The MSP approach allows for an accurate assessment of the ISI even when the topology and operating conditions change. The obtained indicators can be applied in changing the methodology for assessing the stability of voltage in electrical systems and complexes and calculating their operating modes.

THE PURPOSE. To develop a model in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment for the system of mechatronic movement modules (MMD) of the electrical complex, which includes gas air coolers with centralized system of power supply of the gas field 1 of "Gazprom dobycha Yamburg" LLC. To analyze the energy efficiency of MMD ETC ACHE. To perform the experimental research of the EMD EMD ETC ACHE model in the dynamic modes in order to determine the regularity of the influence of single (group) starts on the power supply source overload. To develop a switching algorithm for MMD ETK AHE at direct starts of asynchronous motors (AD), providing restoration of the technological mode within the optimum time after the voltage disappearance for the centralized power supply system.

METHODS. The results presented in work are received with use of methods of the theory of electric and magnetic circuits, the theory of electric drive and electric machines, methods of optimization of power supply systems, analytical and numerical methods of applied mathematics, methods of mathematical and computer modeling.

RESULTS. In article urgency of a theme is described, features of construction and modelling of ETK GP in the environment MATLAB/SIMULINK with the centralized system of power supply are considered. The comparative analysis of existing methods and calculation of parameters of the substitution schemes of the MMD ETK GP was carried out. Approximate calculation of mechanical and inertial characteristics for creating a model of load (resistance moment) for the motor. The model of EMD of electric motor drive compressor unit was created, as close as possible to the real existing system on the basis of catalog (passport) data of individual elements of electric motor drive unit. There were analyzed and developed proposals to enhance power efficiency of EMD ETC AHE and algorithms, which provide optimal direct start-up of the AHE fan group within the set time after the power failure without overloading of the power supply source, were proposed.

CONCLUSIONS. On the basis of results of computer modeling, the peculiarities of operation of EMD ETH ACHE, which require further study and development of corrective measures to improve energy efficiency and reliability of power supply system of GP. Combination of direct starts of single (group) fans of ACHE, obtained at this stage of research of EMD EMD ETC ACHE model, will create the basis (algorithm) for automated control system of this complex, which will ensure restoration of technological mode within optimum time after power outage without overloading of centralized power supply source. Calculation of parameters of individual elements of MMD model of ETC AVO will allow to use data to create other models of ETC GP, which will allow to conduct in-depth research and improve the energy efficiency of the entire system of power supply of GP.

THE PURPOSE. To consider the issues of ensuring the quality of electricity in power supply systems. Show that the quality of electrical energy during the operation of power supply systems in certain cases may be violated, including due to uneven loading of the electrical network phases, which leads to significant voltage asymmetry in this network. The occurrence of a large difference between the voltages in the phases of the electrical network inevitably leads to negative impacts on various electrical equipment of both power supply organizations and consumer electrical receivers, thereby creating conditions for the occurrence of technological and electromagnetic damage, which are the causes of financial losses and other negative consequences in case of quality violations electricity.

METHODS. When solving the problem, we used the method of the power supply system mathematical modeling, implemented by means of MatLab®.

RESULTS. The article presents the results of voltage asymmetry measurements obtained by the authors while monitoring the quality of electricity. These results show that during the operation of power supply systems, modes arise in which the voltage asymmetry in the zero sequence significantly exceeds the permissible values.

CONCLUSION. The article shows on a computer model of the simplest power supply system that reducing the resistance of the neutral conductor can serve as a fairly effective measure to reduce voltage unbalance, especially when inductive loads predominate among consumers.

PURPOSE. Consider the problem of unbalance of loads in electrical 0.4 kV networks, causing additional losses of electricity. Particular attention should be paid to networks with predominantly single-phase loads distributed along 0.4 kV lines. (rural electrical networks). To analyze the methods of balancing voltages and loads, both at the stage of designing electrical networks, and during their operation. Keep in mind that even with a properly designed electrical network with a uniform distribution of single-phase loads by phases during operation, due to the random nature of connecting new loads, including short-term connections, (for example, new household electrical receivers), current loads become asymmetric. Particular attention is paid to the issue of balancing load currents by switching them from the most loaded phases to the least loaded ones. Such switching is carried out on power transmission towers using the experience of operating personnel. To develop an algorithm for balancing current loads with the maximum exclusion of the human factor during balancing, using the readings of smart electricity meters as input data. The main idea of the algorithm is the calculation of modes for possible switching.

METHODS. An algorithm that uses preliminary calculations of possible phase switching. When calculating the modes, the Newton-Raphson method was used, implemented by Matlab program.

RESULTS. The article describes the relevance of the topic, considers the effect of asymmetry on the operation of electrical network elements.

CONCLUSION. Calculations substantiating the main provisions of the phase switching optimization algorithm for balancing current loads are presented.

A feature of the power system is that all the processes of production, transmission and distribution occur simultaneously. This difficult and continuous process requires the management by the regime of the power system. For precise regime managements, it is necessary to study the characteristic of electricity consumption. Forecasting demand allows to optimize the distribution of generation and ensure the safety of the power system. Therefore, forecasting is given a lot of attention in the energy section. Although there are many forecasting methodologies, but there is no exact methodology that is suitable for all power systems.

PURPOSE. To forecast the daily load schedule for working days, considering the influence of meteorological factors on the central energy system of Mongolia.

METHODS. This study is carried out by the method of statistical analysis on MS Excel. As initial inputs historical data on load, temperature and outdoor air humidity of the central energy system were used, which has the most of the energy demand and sources of Mongolia by 2021.

RESULTS. According to the method of statistical analysis, daily load curves were constructed with an absolute percentage error of 2.68%. After adding into account of meteorological factors, the absolute percentage error decreased to 2.26%.

CONCLUSIONS. This method corresponds to forecasting daily schedules for working days. By restricting the electricity consumption during long continues non-work days, days with a major accident and planned maintenance will affect negatively to the planned tendency.

THE PURPOSE. Development and analysis of control systems for cargo movement mechanisms that do not contain a speed sensor in their structure. The use of intelligent devices in the implementation of sensorless control systems. The study of the proposed solutions in closed-type systems in order to identify the most optimal option that provides the best performance according to the criteria, in this case, the accuracy of speed testing.

METHODS. It is possible to achieve these goals through the use of mathematical modeling carried out in the Matlab Simulink simulation environment.

RESULTS. In the study, the analysis of systems containing various kinds of velocity observers in their structure was carried out. The stability of the work of the observers under consideration was evaluated taking into account external disturbing influences – the inter-turn closure mode was considered.

CONCLUSION. The use of control systems that do not have sensors in their structure is in demand on mechanisms installed in rooms with a small area, on objects with elevated ambient temperatures and with increased pollution. The study compared systems with a speed sensor, a system containing a non-adaptive observer and systems with neural network observers. Optimal indicators were obtained in a system containing a NARMA-L2 neurocontroller. A combined structure is proposed containing several neuroregulators that are trained for dynamic engine parameters and monitored dangerous modes that may occur in dynamics.

THE PURPOSE. Study the possibility of using a laboratory nuclear magnetic resonance console as a device for detecting counterfeit medicines. The problem of detecting counterfeit and counterfeit medicines is now very acute. Consider the potential of applying the nuclear quadrupole resonance radiospectroscopy method to determine the authenticity and quality of medicines by non-destructive means.

ACTUALITY. The nuclear magnetic resonance method is included in the list of physico-chemical methods used in pharmacopia. The spectroscopy of nuclear quadrupole resonance, being similar in physical principles, has its advantages and advantages, which in general will strengthen the control of the authenticity and quality of medicines.

METHODS. The theory of nuclear quadrupole resonance and features that allow to investigate medicinal preparations is resulted. The structural design of this hardware and software complex based on the Apollo Redstone nuclear quadrupole resonance spectrometer is described, its nodes are described, characteristics and parameters are given, a special attention is paid to the development of the sensor for the hardwarethe software complex and its coordination system with the spectrometer. Detailed description of its radio technical characteristics.

RESULTS. The article shows the results of using the hardware software complex - measurements of spectra of nuclear quadrupole resonance for the drug paracetamol developed by various manufacturers, both Russia and foreign pharmaceutical companies. The possibility of measuring spectral characteristics directly in the package is shown. The necessary multi-pulse series of pulses, used in the measurement of spectral characteristics, are given. The possibility of receiving signals of spin echo with a good signal/noise ratio is shown, as well as the possibility of distinguishing different manufacturers' spectra of paracetamol according to the form of the release.

CONCLUSION. The article shows a principal possibility of creation on the basis of this method of compact and portable devices for non-destructive identification of medicinal preparations.

The article is aimed to discuss the results of research on the characteristics of partial discharges on defects of different types in high-voltage insulators - on dielectric rod and contact «terminal rod». The atypical characteristics of partial discharges in high-voltage insulators were analysed using an original method of determining their condition using a set of diagnostic parameters.

METHODS. Experimental results are obtained by electromagnetic and acoustic methods of non-contact measurements of partial discharge characteristics.

THE RESULTS of conducted studies are obtained circuits of electrophysical processes in dielectric cavities of defects at dielectric rod and contact «terminal rod» during one period of high voltage application. The circuit of electrophysical processes takes into account changes of the field induced by partial discharges in the defect cavity and on its dielectric surfaces.

CONCLUSHIONS. The main conclusion is the fact that the developed scheme of generation of conventional and powerful partial discharges found confirmation in the model of the process of generation and subsequent distribution of primary discharge in the defect cavity. Under real conditions of partial discharge radiation in polymer and porcelain high-voltage insulators is more complex, so the first attempt to explain the generation of powerful partial discharges in real high-voltage power systems was made. The increase in the number of partial discharges and their intensity during the phase interval of 20° and the presence of powerful partial discharges are the main signs of defective high-voltage insulators. 

Currently, the direction associated with the development of exoskeletons and anthropomorphic robots is experiencing rapid growth due to the increase in the computing power of microprocessors and the breakthrough development of the theory of control of complex systems, including electromechanical systems that simulate the biomechanics of the human musculoskeletal system. This paper presents a controlled mechatronic robotic model of the support leg of an anthropomorphic robot or exoskeleton with two moving links.

GOAL. Mathematical modeling of the dynamics of the supporting leg of an exoskeleton or an anthropomorphic mechanism in the form of two moving links.

METHODS. The main difference between the model presented in this study and those created earlier is the use of angles counted between links corresponding to the case of real operation of electric drives. To achieve the goal of the work, the methods of robotics, mathematical modeling, mechatronics, theoretical mechanics, the study of systems of ordinary differential equations, control theory, empirical data for the human musculoskeletal system were applied.

RESULTS. For the model of the mechanism, a system of Lagrange equations of the second kind is written, direct and inverse problems of dynamics are solved for a given program control of the motion of a mechatronic robotic system. The results are presented graphically and as an animated visualization of the movement of the links. Calculations were carried out both without taking into account the dynamics of electric drives, and taking into account the rotation of the rotors of electric motors. It has been established that the influence of the dynamics of the rotor of the electric motor on the mechanism is significant.

CONCLUSION. The developed methods for setting the program movement of the supporting leg of an exoskeleton or an anthropomorphic robot made it possible to solve direct and inverse problems of dynamics and establish the need to take into account the rotating rotor of an electric motor. 

THE PURPOSE. In modern control systems of various industrial units, the basis for the automation of technological processes is an electric drive. High requirements for the quality of the control process determine the formulation and solution of scientific and practical tasks for the development and creation of new promising control systems for electric drives (EDCS), allowing to maintain the required quality of functioning under the influence of destabilizing factors. These factors can affect the control system in the form of external disturbances and be summed up with the corresponding signals of the closed EDCS, and also be expressed in the form of parametric disturbances. The need arises to create such a control system that will allow for the identification of the parameters of the EDCS by introducing the appropriate identification algorithms into its structure.

METHODS. When solving the problem, a search-free gradient method of adaptive identification was used, implemented by means of the MatLab software environment.

RESULTS. The paper considers the problem of parametric identification of an electric drive with a DC motor based on the definition of sensitivity functions. Wherein to construct an algorithm for parametric identification, an inverse model of the studied EDCS is used, the quality indicator is the squared discrepancy, and the identifiable parameter is the overall transmission coefficient of the electric drive.

CONCLUSION. Modeling in the MatLab software environment showed a high robustness of the developed identification algorithm to parametric disturbances that do not affect the steadystate value of the identified parameter. The proposed method for compensating the moment of resistance electric drive also made it possible to provide a low sensitivity algorithm to external disturbances. The identification of the overall transmission coefficient of a DC electric drive is carried out with an error not exceeding 0.5% in real time under the conditions of the influence of disturbances of various physical nature.

THE PURPOSE. The study of a fish protection structure such as a water-air curtain as an example of an ecological solution to the problem of conservation of aquatic biological resources at an energy facility.

METHODS. A comparative analysis of our own research and literature data on the use and evaluation of the effectiveness of fish protection structures (FPS) has been carried out. For the selection of ichthyological samples, mesh networks of 10, 18, 22, 30 and 70 mm were used, installed in front of the water supply channels to the shore pumping stations (SPS). When analyzing the efficiency of the FPS, the methods of fish accounting are considered: the method of catching fish and the procedure for conducting observations at the facility. The assessment of fish ingress to the SPS (after the FPS) was carried out by round-the-clock observations of fish penetrating into the water supply channel in comparison with their ingress to the water-retaining rotating nets of water treatment machines on the SPS. The efficiency coefficient was determined by the difference in the concentration of fish before the FPS (at the reservoir) and after the FPS (at the SPS).

RESULTS. It is shown that the efficiency coefficient of the FPS by the type of water-air curtain averaged 86.9%, which exceeds the regulatory efficiency. It has been revealed that a fish protection structure (FPS) by the type of a water-air curtain is the most environmentally friendly technical solution for water intake at power facilities.

CONCLUSION. The improvement of the ecological situation in the area of the location of the RSL by the type of water-air curtain in terms of the concentration of oxygen in the water and the reduction of trophies due to the oxidation of organic substances was noted.concentration in water and of decrease in trophy due to the oxidation of organic substances.

PURPOSE. To investigate the cleaning process of the reverse osmosis water filtration system (ROWFS) concentrate with energy waste, to obtain and determine its quality indicators, to study the mechanism of sulfate and chloride ions adsorption by sorption material on the basis of energy waste, to consider the process of sulfate and chloride ion adsorption by this sorption material under static and dynamic conditions.

METHODS. The method of variable weights was used to determine the adsorption capacity of the sorption material. Methods of titrimetric and photocolorimetric analysis were used during determining of water quality indicators.

RESULTS. In this paper the technology of desalination of the ROP concentrate by the adsorption method was studied. Under static conditions the adsorption isotherm has been constructed. On the basis of ground sludge the granular sorption material has been developed. The possibility of using ionexchange filters with granular loading has been considered, the adsorption curve under dynamic conditions has been constructed.

CONCLUSION. The sorption based on energy waste - carbonate sludge material for the purification of ROWFS concentrate has been developed. Adsorption isotherms of sulfate and chloride ions were constructed on the basis of experimental data. For investigation the purification of the ROWFS concentrate under dynamic conditions the granular sorption material was obtained. The adsorption technology of ROWFS concentrate purification from sulfate and chloride ions by energy waste is presented.